Congress, Executive, and Judiciary Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the Congress, Executive Branch, Federal Bureaucracy, Federal Judiciary, and significant court cases.

What is the structure of the U.S. Congress?

A bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

How many members are in the House of Representatives?

435 members, serving 2-year terms.

What powers are granted to Congress?

Enumerated powers such as declaring war, regulating commerce, coining money, and taxation.

What are implied powers in Congress?

Powers derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Who is the most powerful leader in the House of Representatives?

The Speaker of the House.

What is the role of the Senate's President Pro Tempore?

To preside over the Senate in the absence of the Vice President.

What types of committees exist in Congress?

Standing, Select, and Conference Committees.

Describe the legislative process for a bill.

A bill is introduced, goes through committee, floor debate, the other chamber, conference committee, and then is sent to the President.

What is a filibuster?

A tactic used in the Senate to delay or block legislative action.

What are the formal powers of the President?

Veto, being commander-in-chief, making treaties, appointing officials, and granting pardons.

What is the veto power of the President?

The President's authority to reject a bill passed by Congress.

What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Established the principle of judicial review.

What does judicial activism promote?

The idea that courts should actively shape policy.

What is Congressional Oversight?

The review and supervision of federal agencies and programs by Congress.

What is the difference between discretionary and mandatory spending?

Discretionary spending is optional and determined by the annual budget; mandatory spending is required by existing laws.

What does 'one person, one vote' refer to in Baker v. Carr (1962)?

The principle that electoral districts should be roughly equal in population.