BIOLOGY 006 - Study Guide for Exam #1

The 6 defining characteristics of life include __________.

growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, metabolism, homeostasis, and adaptation.

Life's levels of organization range from __________ to __________.

cells to the biosphere.

Evolution by natural selection explains life's patterns and processes, providing __________.

a mechanism for adaptation over time.

The scientific process includes steps such as __________, hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis.

observation.

A hypothesis is a __________ that can be tested through experimentation.

proposed explanation or testable prediction.

In a controlled experiment, the __________ variable is manipulated, while the __________ variable is measured.

independent; dependent.

The components of a controlled experiment include control groups, variables, and __________.

replication.

A scientific 'theory' is supported by __________ and repeated testing.

extensive evidence.

Science and society influence each other through __________ and advance technology.

research findings.

A specific and measurable prediction that children of parent with high intelligence (IQ) scores will score higher than those of lower intelligence parents, is a specific and measurable prediction from a ___________.

Hypothesis

Controlled experiments provide reliable evidence because they minimize __________ and isolate the effects of the independent variable.

variables.

The characteristic that distinguishes all life forms from nonliving matter is __________.

the ability to reproduce.

Atomic structure consists of protons, neutrons, and __________.

electrons.

Common elements found in cells include carbon, hydrogen, __________, and oxygen.

nitrogen.

Types of chemical bonds include ionic, covalent, and __________.

hydrogen bonds.

Salts and molecules important to life exhibit characteristics due to __________ bonds.

chemical.

Water is critical to life because of its unique __________ properties.

chemical.

Acids are defined by their ability to donate __________ ions in solution.

hydrogen.

The pH scale measures the concentration of __________ atoms in a solution.

hydrogen.

Organic molecules contain __________, while inorganic molecules do not.

carbon.

Functional groups play a significant role in organic molecules by determining their __________.

chemical properties.

The four major groups of organic molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and __________.

nucleic acids.

Dehydration synthesis involves the _________ of smaller biomolecules into larger ones, with the involvement of water.

joining.

Hydrolysis breaks down __________ into smaller molecules, again involving water.

biomolecules.

The Cell Theory states that all living things are composed of _________.

cells.

Prokaryotic cells lack a __________, while eukaryotic cells have one.

nucleus.

Plant and animal cells differ in the presence of __________ in plant cells.

chloroplasts.

All actively growing cells are small due to __________ constraints.

surface area to volume ratio.

Membrane in-folding and endosymbiosis theory describe models for the evolution of __________ cells.

eukaryotic.

The Fluid-Mosaic Model describes cell membranes as having both __________ and __________ regions.

hydrophobic; hydrophilic.

Selectively permeable membranes control which substances __________ cells.

enter and exit.

Hypotonic solutions cause cells to __________ due to water intake.

swell.

Molecules in isotonic solutions __________ without net movement.

move in and out.

Hypertonic solutions result in cells __________ due to water loss.

shrinking.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of __________ concentration to an area of lower concentration.

higher.

Facilitated diffusion requires __________ but not energy for molecular transport.

proteins.

Active transport requires __________ to move substances against their concentration gradient.

energy.

Endocytosis involves the __________ of materials into the cell.

uptake.

Exocytosis refers to the __________ of substances out of the cell.

expulsion.

To trace the pathway of a protein in a eukaryotic cell, it typically goes from the rough ER to the __________.

golgi apparatus.

The unique properties of water include being a __________ solvent, high heat capacity, and cohesive.

polar.

Carbohydrates are a major organic component of cells because they serve as __________ for energy.

fuel.

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than __________ cells.

eukaryotic.

Microscopes use lenses to magnify images, and total magnification equals __________.

ocular power times objective power.

The orientation of the letter 'e' appears __________ when viewed through a microscope.

reversed.

In moving a slide left, you should use the coaxial stage control to move the stage to the __________.

right.

To test for glucose, you use __________ solution.

Benedict's.

A positive result for starch indicates the presence of __________.

complex carbohydrates.

Ninhydrin is used to test for __________ in proteins.

amino acids.

Diffusion is influenced by factors such as temperature, concentration gradient, and __________ size.

molecular.

In hypotonic solutions, water moves __________ cells.

into.

In hypertonic solutions, water moves __________ cells.

out of.