M: Ch 7 Respiratory & Ch 8 Cardiovascular

blood clot

vein (2)

septum

pulse

hardening

thromb/o: blood clot

phleb/o: vein

ven/o: vein

sept/o: septum

sphygm/o: pulse

scler/o: hardening; sclera (white of eye)

artery

arteriole

atri

fatty plaque

aort/o

aneurysm

vessel (2)

arteri/o: artery

arteriol/o: arteriole

atri/o: atrium

ather/o: fatty plaque

aneurysm/o: aneurysm (widened blood vessel)

aort/o: aorta

angi/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

vascul/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Mediastinum

Space between the right and left lungs, contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi.

The central area of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located.

Upper Respiratory Tract

nas/o

rhin/o

sept/o

sinus/o

pharyng/o

nas/o: nose

rhin/o: nose

sept/o: septum

sinus/o: sinus, cavity

pharyng/o: pharynx (throat)

Upper Respiratory Tract

tonsill/o

epiglott/o

laryng/o

trache/o

adenoid/o

tonsill/o: tonsils

epiglott/o: epiglottis

laryng/o: larynx (voice box)

trache/o: trachea (windpipe)

adenoid/o: adenoids

-al

-plasty

-tomy

-scope

-al: pertaining to

-plasty: surgical repair

-tomy: incision

-scope: instrument for examining

-ectomy

peri-

-ar

-plegia

-ectomy: excision, removal

peri-: around

-ar: pertaining to

-plegia: paralysis

-ectasis

-scopy

-osis

-pnea

hyp-

-ectasis: dilation, expansion

-scopy: visual examination

-osis: abnormal condition; increase

-pnea: breathing

hyp-: under, below, deficient

-emia

-algia

-pathy

-spasm

-meter

-emia: blood condition

-algia: pain

-pathy: disease

-spasm: involuntary contraction, twitching

-meter: instrument for measuring

hyper-

an-

dys-

a-

hem/o

hyper-: excessive, above normal

an-: without, not

dys-: bad; painful; difficult

a-: without, not

hem/o: blood

Lower Respiratory Tract

bronchi/o

bronch/o

bronchiol/o

alveol/o

bronchi/o: bronchus (plural, bronchi)

bronch/o: bronchus (plural, bronchi)

bronchiol/o: bronchiole

alveol/o: alveolus; air sac

Lower Respiratory Tract

pleur/o

pneum/o

pneumon/o

pulmon/o

pleur/o: pleura

pneum/o: air; lung

pneumon/o: air; lung

pulmon/o: air; lung

Anthrac/o

Atel/o

Coni/o

Cyan/o

lob/o

orth/o

Anthrac/o: coal, coal dust

Atel/o: incomplete, imperfect

Coni/o: dust

Cyan/o: blue

lob/o: lobe

orth/o: straight

pector/o

steth/o

thorac/o

phren/o

spir/o

ox/o

pector/o: chest

steth/o: chest

thorac/o: chest

phren/o: diaphragm; mind

spir/o: breathe

ox/o: oxygen

Respiratory Suffixes

-capnia

-osmia

-phonia

-pnea

-ptysis

-thorax

-capnia: CO2

-osmia: smell

-phonia: voice

-pnea: breathing

-ptysis: spitting

-thorax: chest

Respiratory Prefixes

brady-

dys-

eu-

tachy-

brady-: slow

dys-: bad; painful; difficult

eu-: good, normal

tachy-: rapid

acid:

-osis:

an-:

-osmia:

an-:

acid: acid

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

an-: without, not

-osmia: smell

an-: without, not

atel:

-ectasis:

cyst:

-ic:

somn/o:

atel: incomplete; imperfect

-ectasis: dilation, expansion

cyst: bladder

-ic: pertaining to

somn/o: sleep

fibr:

-osis:

nas:

-al:

epiglott:

fibr: fiber, fibrous tissue

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

nas: nose

-al: pertaining to

epiglott: epiglottis

-itis:

hyp-:

ox:

-emia:

hyp-:

-itis: inflammation

hyp-: under, below, deficient

ox: oxygen

-emia: blood condition

hyp-: under, below, deficient

-oxia:

pleur:

-al:

pneum/o:

-thorax:

-oxia: oxygen

pleur: pleura

-al: pertaining to

pneum/o: air; lung

-thorax: chest

pleur:

-isy:

pulmon:

-ary:

pulmon:

pleur: pleura

-isy: state of; condition

pulmon: lung

-ary: pertaining to

pulmon: lung

-ary:

embol:

-ism:

tubercul:

-osis:

-ary: pertaining to

embol: plug

-ism: condition

tubercul: little swelling

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

poly-:

somn/o:

-graphy:

pulmon:

poly-: many, much

somn/o: sleep

-graphy: process of recording

pulmon: lung

bronch/o:

-scopy:

laryng/o:

-scopy:

mediastin/o:

bronch/o: bronchus

-scopy: visual examination

laryng/o: larynx (voice box)

-scopy: visual examination

mediastin/o: mediastinum

-ary:

spir/o:

-metry:

-ary: pertaining to

spir/o: breathe

-metry: act of measuring

-scopy:

arteri/o:

-al:

tom/o:

-graphy:

-scopy: visual examination

arteri/o: artery

-al: pertaining to

tom/o: to cut

-graphy: process of recording

pulmon:

-ary:

angi/o:

-graphy:

pleur:

pulmon: lung

-ary: pertaining to

angi/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-graphy: process of recording

pleur: pleura

-ectomy:

pneumon:

-ectomy:

sept/o:

-plasty:

-ectomy: excision, removal

pneumon: air; lung

-ectomy: excision, removal

sept/o: septum

-plasty: surgical repair

trache/o:

-stomy:

endo-:

trache:

-al:

trache/o: trachea

-stomy: forming an opening (mouth)

endo-: in, within

trache: trachea

-al: pertaining to

ABG

HMD

AIDS

MDI

ABG: arterial blood gas(es)

HMD: hyaline membrane disease

AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

MDI: metered-dose inhaler

ARDS

NMT

CF

O2

CO2

ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome

NMT: nebulized mist treatment

CF: cystic fibrosis

O2: oxygen

CO2: carbon dioxide

OSA

COPD

Pco2

CPAP

PCP

OSA: obstructive sleep apnea

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Pco2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide

CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure

PCP: Pneumocystis pneumonia; primary care physician

CT

PFT

CTPA

pH

CXR

Po2

CT: computed tomography

PFT: pulmonary function test

CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography

pH: degree of acidity or alkalinity

CXR: chest x-ray, chest radiograph

Po2: partial pressure of oxygen

DPI

PPD

DPT

SIDS

DVT

DPI: dry powder inhaler

PPD: purified protein derivative

DPT: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

SIDS: sudden infant death syndrome

DVT: deep vein thrombosis

SOB

EEG

TB

Hb, Hgb

URI

SOB: shortness of breath

EEG: electroencephalogram

TB: tuberculosis

Hb, Hgb: hemoglobin

URI: upper respiratory infection

Cardiovascular Combining Form

aneurysm/o

angi/o

vascul/o

aort/o

aneurysm/o: aneurysm (widened blood vessel)

angi/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

vascul/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

aort/o: aorta

arteri/o

arteriol/o

atri/o

ather/o

cardi/o

arteri/o: artery

arteriol/o: arteriole

atri/o: atrium

ather/o: fatty plaque

cardi/o: heart

coron/o

electr/o

embol/o

hemangi/o

my/o

coron/o: heart

electr/o: electricity

embol/o: embolus (plug)

hemangi/o: blood vessel

my/o: muscle

phleb/o

ven/o:

scler/o

sept/o

sphygm/o

phleb/o: vein

ven/o: vein

scler/o: hardening; sclera (white of eye)

sept/o: septum

sphygm/o: pulse

sten/o

thromb/o

valv/o

valvul/o

ventricul/o

sten/o: narrowing, stricture

thromb/o: blood clot

valv/o: valve

valvul/o: valve

ventricul/o: ventricle (of the heart or brain)

Cardiovascular Suffixes

-cardia

-stenosis

-cardia: heart condition

-stenosis: narrowing, stricture

Cardiovascular Prefixes

brady-:

endo-:

extra-:

peri-:

trans-:

brady-: slow

endo-: in, within

extra-: outside

peri-: around

trans-: across

tachy-:

aort/o:

-ar:

vascul:

-ar:

cardi:

tachy-: rapid

aort/o: aorta

-ar: pertaining to

vascul: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-ar: pertaining to

cardi: heart

-al:

sept:

-al:

vascul:

-cardia:

-al: pertaining to

sept: septum

-al: pertaining to

vascul: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-cardia: heart condition

my/o:

-pathy:

embol:

-ism:

hyper-:

my/o: muscle

-pathy: disease

embol: embolus (plug)

-ism: condition

hyper-: excessive, above normal

lipid:

-emia:

hyper-:

-tension:

hypo-:

lipid: fat

-emia: blood condition

hyper-: excessive, above normal

-tension: to stretch

hypo-: under, below, deficient

-tension:

phleb:

-itis:

thromb:

-osis:

-tension: to stretch

phleb: vein

-itis: inflammation

thromb: blood clot

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

angin:

-a:

brady-:

-cardia:

tachy-:

-cardia:

cardi/o:

angin: choking pain

-a: noun ending

brady-: slow

-cardia: heart condition

tachy-: rapid

-cardia: heart condition

cardi/o: heart

electr/o:

cardi/o:

-graphy:

cardi:

-ac:

angi/o:

electr/o: electricity

cardi/o: heart

-graphy: process of recording

cardi: heart

-ac: pertaining to

angi/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-graphy:

aort/o:

-graphy:

coron:

-ary:

-graphy: process of recording

aort/o: aorta

-graphy: process of recording

coron: heart

-ary: pertaining to

echo-:

cardi/o:

-graphy:

my/o:

cardi:

echo-: repeated sound

cardi/o: heart

-graphy: process of recording

my/o: muscle

cardi: heart

-al:

tom/o:

-graphy:

cardi:

-ac:

-al: pertaining to

tom/o: to cut

-graphy: process of recording

cardi: heart

-ac: pertaining to

angi/o:

-graphy:

cardi:

-ac:

angi/o:

angi/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph

-graphy: process of recording

cardi: heart

-ac: pertaining to

angi/o: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-plasty:

per-:

cutane:

-ous:

cardi:

-plasty: surgical repair

per-: through

cutane: skin

-ous: pertaining to

cardi: heart

-ac:

coron:

-ary:

cardi/o:

-version:

-ac: pertaining to

coron: heart

-ary: pertaining to

cardi/o: heart

-version: turning

AAA

HTN

ACE

ICD

AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm

HTN: hypertension

ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme (inhibitor)

ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

AED

LA

AICD

LV

ARB

AED: automated external defibrillator

LA: left atrium

AICD: automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

LV: left ventricle

ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker

MI

AV

MPI

BP, B/P

MRA

MI: myocardial infarction

AV: atrioventricular; arteriovenous

MPI: myocardial perfusion imaging

BP, B/P: blood pressure

MRA: magnetic resonance angiogram, magnetic resonance angiography

CA

MRI

CABG

MUGA scan

CAD

CA: cancer; cardiac arrest; chronological age

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging

CABG: coronary artery bypass graft

MUGA scan: multiple-gated acquisition scan

CAD: coronary artery disease

MVP

CC

CK

PAD

MVP: mitral valve prolapse

CC: cardiac catheterization

CK: creatine kinase (cardiac enzyme); conductive keratoplasty

PAD: peripheral artery disease

PTCA

CV

RA

DVT

PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

CV: cardiovascular

RA: right atrium

DVT: deep vein/ venous thrombosis

RHD

ECG, EKG

RV

ECHO

SA, S-A

RHD: rheumatic heart disease

ECG, EKG: electrocardiogram, electrocardiography

RV: residual volume; right ventricle

ECHO: echocardiogram, echocardiography; echoencephalogram, echoencephalography

SA, S-A: sinoatrial

EPS

SPECT

HF

US

Hg

EPS: electrophysiology studies

SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography

HF: heart failure

US: ultrasound

Hg: mercury

Cardiology

vs

Cardiologist

Cardiology

Medical specialty for cardiovascular system disorders.

Cardiologist

Medical specialist for cardiovascular disorders.

Arteriosclerosis

Progressive arterial wall disease causing blood flow restriction.

Thrombus

Clot formed from blood hemorrhage into plaque.

Ischemia

Localized tissue anemia from partial circulation blockage.

Varicose Veins

Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins due to valve dysfunction.

Perfusion

Adequate blood circulation for efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery.

Arrhythmias

Abnormal heart rhythms.

Pulmonary Respiration

vs

Pulmonary Ventilation

Pulmonary Respiration

O2 uptake

CO2 removal

Pulmonary Ventilation

Action of breathing (inspiration & expiration)

External Respiration

vs

Internal Respiration

External Respiration

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries.

Internal Respiration

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and systemic capillary blood.

Pulmonologist

vs

Pulmonology

Pulmonologist

Physician who treats disorders of the respiratory system.

Pulmonology

Medical specialty concerned with disorders of the respiratory system.

Air Passageway

Upper Respiratory Tract

Nasal Cavity

Pharynx (throat)

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Epiglottis

Larynx (voice box)

Trachea (windpipe)

Inspiration

vs

Expiration

Ventilation: pressure differential btwn atmosphere & chest cavity

Diaphragm:

contact→

↓ abdominal cavity =

↓ chest pressure =

draw air into lungs (inspiration)

relax→

↑ thoracic cavity =

↑ chest pressure =

air leave lungs

(expiration)

-centesis

pleur/o

bronch/o

-scope

tonsill/o

-ectomy

-centesis: surgical puncture

pleur/o: pleura

bronch/o: bronchus

-scope: instrument for examining

tonsill/o: tonsils

-ectomy: excision

brady-

-pnea

dys-

-phonia

cyan/o

-osis

brady-: slow

-pnea: breathing

dys-: difficult

-phonia: voice

cyan/o: blue

-osis: abnormal condition

hyp-

ox/o

-ia

-plegia

laryng/o

hyp-: decrease/ below

ox/o: oxygen

-ia: condition

-plegia: paralysis

laryng/o: voice box

sept/o

-plasty

sinus/o

-tomy

hyper-

-capnia

sept/o: septum

-plasty: surgical repair

sinus/o: sinus

-tomy: incision

hyper-: excessive

-capnia: carbon dioxide

eu-

-pnea

bronchi/o

-ectasis

rhin/o

-plasty

eu-: good

-pnea: breathing

bronchi/o: bronchi

-ectasis: expansion

rhin/o: nose

-plasty: surgical repair

pneumon/o

-ia

-rrhea

pneumon/o: lung

-ia: condition

-rrhea: discharge

atelectasis

empyema

rhonchus

hypoxia

atelectasis: collapsed or airless lung

empyema: pus in pleural cavity

rhonchus: abnormal breath sound (snoring)

hypoxia: deficiency of O2 (in tissues)

exudate

anosmia

hypoxemia

cystic fibrosis

exudate: inflammatory fluid, high in protein w/ blood & immune cells

anosmia: absence or decrease in sense of smell

hypoxemia: deficiency of O2 in atrial blood

cystic fibrosis: genetic disease causing mucus become thick & sticky

influenza

emphysema

hemoptysis

epistaxis

pulmonary edema

influenza: acute, contagious, viral disorder of respiratory tract

emphysema: disease decrease alveolar elasticity

hemoptysis: spitting blood

epistaxis: nosebleed

pulmonary edema: excessive fluid in lungs

transudate

deviated septum

coryza

tuberculosis

transudate: noninflammatory fluid resemble serum (less protein)

deviated septum: displacement of cartilage dividing nostrils

coryza: acute inflammation of nose membranes

tuberculosis: potentially fatal disease, spread through respiratory droplets

pleurisy

consolidation

pertussis

pleurisy: inflammation of pleural membrane

consolidation: loss of sponginess of lungs due to engorgement

pertussis: whooping cough

*Grammatical Suffix: Adjective*

pertaining to (10)

Orig Card: M: Ch 1 & 2

A

-ac

-al

-ar

-ary

E

-eal

I

-ic

-ile

-ior

O

-ous

T

-tic

*Grammatical Suffix: Adjective*

pertaining to (E)(O)(T) 1 each

Orig Card: M: Ch 1 & 2

Grammatical Suffix: Adjective

pertaining to (E)(O)(T) 1 each

E

-eal

O

-ous

T

-tic

*Grammatical Suffix: Adjective*

pertaining to (I) 3

Orig Card: M: Ch 1 & 2

Grammatical Suffix: Adjective

pertaining to (I)

-ic

-ile

-ior

*Grammatical Suffix: Adjective*

pertaining to (A)4

Orig Card: M: Ch 1 & 2

Grammatical Suffix: Adjective

pertaining to (A)

-ac

-al

-ar

-ary

rrhythm/o

-gram

-lysis

-megaly

-oma

-rrhexis

-therapy

rrhythm/o: rhythm

-gram: record, writing

-lysis: separation; destruction; loosening

-megaly: enlargement

-oma: tumor

-rrhexis : rupture

-therapy : treatment

-graph

-ectasis:

-centesis:

-graph: instrument for recording

-ectasis: dilation, expansion

-centesis: surgical puncture

-phonia:

sten/o:

stenosis:

-stasis:

-phonia: voice

sten/o: narrowing, stricture

stenosis: narrowing, stricture

-stasis: standing still

-oid:

sten/o:

-tic:

vascul:

trans-:

-oid: resembling

sten/o: narrowing, stricture

-tic: pertaining to

vascul: vessel

trans-: across