Ch 9

Practice flashcards based on the anatomy of joints, covering classification, structure, types of movements, and common disorders.

Arthro

Greek root meaning 'joint'.

Synarthrosis

Immovable joints found in the axial skeleton.

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joints also found in the axial skeleton.

Diarthroses

Freely movable joints, most common in the appendicular skeleton.

Fibrous joints

Joints connected by fibrous connective tissue, lacking a joint cavity.

Cartilaginous joints

Joints where bones are connected by cartilage, may be immovable or slightly movable.

Synovial joints

Most movable type of joint with a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Menisci

Crescent-shaped fibrocartilage that provides cushioning in joint cavities, particularly in the knee.

Bursae

Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues in the body.

Flexion

A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Extension

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Circumduction

Circular movement that involves flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Rotation

Movement around a bone's longitudinal axis.

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly.

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly.

Dorsiflexion

Bending of the foot upwards towards the shin.

Plantar flexion

Bending of the foot downwards away from the shin.

Gomphosis

A type of fibrous joint that connects teeth to their sockets.

Saddle joint

A joint that allows movement in two planes, such as the thumb.

Hinge joint

A joint allowing movement in one plane, like the elbow.

Ball and socket joint

A joint allowing movement in multiple axes, like the shoulder and hip.

Tendon sheath

An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon.

Tendonitis

Inflammation of a tendon.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of joints.

Gouty arthritis

Arthritis due to uric acid build-up in the joints.