Module 1: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

what are nucleic acids made out of?

long chains of polymers made of smaller building blocks called monomers.

what are the building blocks of nucleic acids

nucleotides

name the 3 parts of a nucleotide

1.deoxyribose sugar

2. Phosphate group

3. nitrogenous base

nucleotides join together to form

DNA or RNA molecules

DNA is a

molecule

DNA's shape is a

double helix

4 hydrogenous bases found in DNA:

1. Adenine

2.Thymine

3.Guanine

4.Cytosine

to remember which locks with which

Apple trees ( adenine and thymine)

Chewing Gum ( cytosine and Guanine)

DNA is found in the

nucleus

DNA contains

genetic code

Genes are

segments of DNA that code for specific protine

protines are

polymers made up of amino acids

how many nucleotides code an amino acid

3

what are the 3 functions of DNA

1. Controlling the way a cell functions

2. Control the expression of genes

3.Pass hereditary info to offspring

discovery of DNA

1969

Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA

1952

photo 51 was taken by Rosalind Franklind and Maurice Wilkins it showed regular shape of DNA

1958

Rosalind Franklind died

1962

James Watson and Francis Crick won Nobel prize in Physiology and medicine for discovery of the shape of DNA

DNA cell must ______ before it divides

replicate

when does dna replicate

Interphase (synthesis stage)

Where does DNA replication occur?

Nuqeous of nucleus

How DNA replication occours ( 5 steps)

step 1:

double helix unwinds

step 2:

DNA unzips = weak hydrogen bonds are broken by Dna helicase (enzyme)

step 3:

2 template strands form and they attract free nucleotides that join their complementary nucleotide.

step 4:

DNA polymerase (enzyme) cause nucleotides to bond and forms a complementary strand of DNA

step 5:

2 identical DNA strands are formed and winded into double helixes

DNA important uses

1. identifying perpetrator of a crime

2. providing biological evidence

3. identifying remains of missing people

4.identifiying relatives

5. determine how compatible somebody is to receive organ transplants