Kidney and Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Flashcards covering key concepts related to kidney function, hormonal regulation of blood pressure, and the roles of various enzymes and hormones involved in these processes.

Azymogen

An almost activated enzyme or protein that requires further modification to become active, such as fibrinogen.

Renin

An enzyme released from the kidneys that cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in response to low blood pressure.

Angiotensinogen

A precursor protein produced by the liver that is converted to angiotensin I by renin.

Angiotensin I

The active form of angiotensin that is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).

Angiotensin II

The active hormone resulting from the conversion of angiotensin I, which stimulates vasoconstriction and thirst response, and causes secretion of aldosterone.

Aldosterone

A hormone released by the adrenal glands that promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased water retention and higher blood pressure.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Also known as vasopressin, it modifies the collecting duct to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure by increasing resistance against blood flow.

Sodium-glucose transport

A symporter mechanism that carries glucose into cells alongside sodium ions, utilizing the sodium concentration gradient.

Sodium's role in fluid balance

Sodium plays a crucial role in maintaining body fluid balance; its reabsorption in the kidneys influences osmolarity and blood pressure.