ENR 1200_Lecture_14 - Human Populations 2

environment

What is the human carrying capacity (K)?

It is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Define crude birth rate (CBR).

The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year.

What is the relationship between carrying capacity (K) and growth rates?

Growth begins to slow as population approaches carrying capacity (K).

What do demographers study?

Demographers study populations and population trends, including birth, death, and migration rates.

What is replacement-level fertility?

The total fertility rate (TFR) required to offset the average number of deaths in a population so that size remains stable, typically around 2 children.

What is the trend in global fertility rates over the last 70 years?

The average number of children per woman has halved from five children to about two.

What is life expectancy?

The average number of years an infant can be expected to live in a particular year and country.

What is the global average infant mortality rate?

It is 46 deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.

What characterizes a population pyramid?

A population pyramid is typical of developing countries, indicating a lot of population momentum.

How is the net migration rate defined?

The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country.

How did the green revolution influence population growth?

technological advances such as selective breeding and genetic modification increased crop yield thus increasing food availability that led to an increase in population

What do you call the study of populations and population trends?

demography

what are the 3 types of population pyramids

population pyramid, population column, reverse pyramid

What is the theory of demographic transition?

The theory states that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to an industrialized economy and experiences increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth.

what happens during phase 1 of demographic transition

also called slow growth this is a steady state with low life expectancy, high infant mortality, lack of health care/poor sanitation, typical of countries before modernization

what do you call the phase of demographic transition in which death retes decline, birth rates remain high sich that births > deaths

rapid growth, phase 2

what do you call the phase of demographic transition in which family income and education increases, while there are fewer children and the CBR declines?

phase 3- stable population

what is family planning?

regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

what describes phase 4 - declining population?

CBR < CDR, more elderly people, high affluence and economic development