Word Learning (3.2)

when do children begin segmenting words?

0;6

as far as learning algorithms work, how do transitional probability-based and subtractive word segmentation algorithms fair?

transitional probability based don’t work great
subtractive methods work better and are more cognitively plausible

what is overextension and under-extension in regards to word categorizations? (give examples)

overextension assumes too broad of a reference, calling all adult women mom
under-extension assumes too narrow of a reference, candy only refers to skittles

what is the mapping problem?

any word as infinite possible mappings 

what is the gavagai problem?

an explorer points at a rabbit and says “gavagai”, what does that mean?

at what age does word learning pick up rapidly? what does it correlate with?

1;5, amount of input received

what is fast mapping? what kind of questions does/doesn’t it answer?

children make an immediate guess and update as necessary, lots of evidence for what questions but not a lot for how questions 

what is whole word assumption?

new words likely refer to whole objects rather than a part of it

what is mutual exclusivity?

there are no true synonyms

what is joint attention?

babies pay attention to what their caregivers draw attention to 

y/n: do children who are good at joint attention have larger vocabularies?

yes

what is a problem fast mapping faces? explain

input sparsity, most situations have lots of ambiguity that you can’t learn from