Chem 16 - Lecture Quantum Theory

Wavelength

is the distance between identical points on successive waves.

Amplitude

is the vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the peak or trough.

Frequency

is the number of waves that pass through a particular point in 1 sec.

Hertz

equivalent to 1 cycle/sec.

Speed of light

all electromagnetic radiation moves at the same speed, at the?

c = wavelength x frequency

formula for c (speed of light).

Blackbody radiation

emission of light from hot objects.

Photoelectric effect

emission of electrons from metal surfaces upon illumination.

Emission spectra

emission of light from electronically excited gas atoms.

Radiation

when some solids are heated, _______ is emitted.

Max Planck

in 1900, he proposed that energy (or light) can be either released or absorbed by atoms only in discrete “chunks” of some minimum size.

Quantum

a fixed amount; smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed as electromagnetic radiation.

E = hv

formula for Planck’s equation.

Whole-number

matter can emit and absorb energy only in _______ multiples of hv.

Kinetic energy

brighter light (higher intensity) means more photons, leading to more electrons being emitted but not necessarily with higher _______.

Frequency

light with higher _______ has higher energy photons, resulting in photoelectrons with greater kinetic energy.

Radiant energy

when striking a metal surface, it behaves like a stream of tiny energy packets.

Photon

each packet, which is like a “particle” of energy is called?

Quantum numbers

electrons exist only in certain discrete energy levels, which are described by?

Energy

is involved in the transition of an electron from one level to another.

Hydrogen

the limitations of Bohr’s model are it does not take into account the wave nature of electrons and is only applicable to?

Where it is

If we know precisely how a particle is moving, we cannot also know precisely _______.

Quantum Mechanical Model of Atoms

utilization of wave nature of objects at the atomic scale.

1

there is _______ s orbital per n level.

3

there is _______ p orbitals per n level.

5

there is _______ d orbitals per n level.

7

there is _______ f orbitals per n level.

px, py, pz

the three p orbitals are named?

dxy, dyz, dxz, dx²-y², dz²

the five d orbitals are named?

Wolfgang Pauli

formulated the Exclusion Principle in 1925.

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers. This is described by?