Family Beyond Attachment

Parenting styles

Parenting styles

Examines how different parenting styles influence child and adolescent adjustment.

Bidirectionality

Highlights mutual influences between parents and children over time.

Family as a System

Explores how interconnected family dynamics shape child outcomes.

Key Dimensions of Parenting

Include affection, involvement, conflict, control, monitoring, teaching, and security, which form the foundation of parent-child interactions.

Baumrind’s Parenting Dimensions

Consist of control, nurturance, communication clarity, and maturity demands, which define distinct parenting styles.

Authoritative Parenting

Characterised by high warmth and control, leading to well-adjusted children.

Authoritarian Parenting

Marked by high control and low warmth, often resulting in less independence and responsibility in children.

Permissive Parenting

Features high affection but low control, which can lead to impulsivity and aimlessness.

Rejecting-Neglecting Parenting

Defined by low responsiveness and demand, associated with poor cognitive and social outcomes.

mpact of Authoritative Parenting on Adolescents

Promotes higher competence, better school performance, and overall positive adjustment.

Authoritarian and Permissive Parenting Outcomes

Effects vary based on cultural and contextual factors, showing less consistent positive outcomes.

Western Emphasis on Authoritative Parenting

Linked to self-esteem, well-being, and reduced substance use in children and adolescents.

Cultural Differences in Parenting

Specific practices vary; for example, there’s a growing trend toward authoritative parenting in some non-Western cultures, like India.

Dimensional Approach to Parenting

Focuses on specific parenting behaviours, such as psychological vs. behavioural control, instead of global styles.

Domain-Specific Models of Parenting

Suggest that parenting is flexible, influenced by parental mood, context, and situational demands.

Child-Driven Processes

Recognise that children’s characteristics, like temperament and behaviours, shape parenting styles.

Family Systems Theory

Proposes that the family is an interconnected system with distinct subsystems (e.g., marital, parent-child) influencing each other.

Wholeness in Family Systems

Views the family as a unified system where all members are interconnected.

Circularity of Influence

Suggests that changes in one family member or subsystem affect the entire system.

Stability and Change in Families

Acknowledges that families adapt and evolve in response to external influences and internal changes.

Spillover Effects in Family Dynamics

Describe how marital functioning (e.g., harmony or conflict) affects child outcomes through family interactions.

Marital Harmony’s Influence on Children

Enhances warmth in family dynamics, reducing behavioural problems and promoting adjustment.

Parenting Beyond Attachment

Acknowledges that parenting impacts children through diverse dimensions beyond attachment theory.

Current Research on Parenting

Emphasises bidirectional influences and the complexity of family systems in shaping child development.