muscuko skeletal

where is the sternum located?

chest

where is the femur located

between the hip and knee

where is the vertebrae located?

head/neck

where is the ulna located?

between the elbow and hand

where is the tibia located?

in-between the knee and ankle (shin bone)

where is the cranium located?

head/neck

where is the radius located?

inbetween the hand and elbow

where is scapula located?

shoulder (it is the shoulder blade)

where is the fibula located?

in-between the knee and ankle

where are the ribs located?

chest

where is the pelvis located?

hips

where is the talus located?

ankle

where is the humerus located?

in-between the shoulder and elbow

where is the clavicle located?

shoulder (collarbone)

where is the patella located?

knee

what does the skeleton do?

the skeleton provides framework for muscles to provide movement the skeleton provides points of attachment for muscles

what do muscles do when you move?

muscles contract and pull bones

where do movements happen?

at your joints

what to ligaments attach to?

bone to bone

what do tendons attach to?

muscle to bone

what do short bones do?

they allow finer controlled movements

what do long bones do?

they enable gross movement (big movements)

what do flat bones do?

they protect vital organs

what do different types of joints do?

different types of joints allow different types of movements

give an example of a short bone

talus

give an example of long bones?

femur

movement definition

using joints

shape definition

bones

protection definition

flat bones

attatchment definition

muscles

What is the most common type of joint in the body?

synovial joint

What are the parts of a synovial joint?

cartilage

What does the capsule do?

prevents phagocytosis

What does synovial fluid do?

Lubricates the joint and reduces friction

What does the synovial membrane do?

produces synovial fluid

What does the cartilage do?

cushions bones at the joints

What are bursae?

Small bags of synovial fluid which reduce friction

What is flexion?

decreasing the angle at a joint

What is extension?

Increasing the angle at a joint

Where do plantarflextion and dorsiflexion happen?

Only at the ankle

What is plantar flexion?

Increase angle at the joint ie. When you jump

What is dorsiflexion?

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint ie. Walking up a hill

What is adduction?

Movement toward the midline of the body

What is abduction?

Movement away from the midline of the body

Give an example of abduction and adduction?

Starjumps/breaststroke

What is circumduction?

Mix of flexion

Give an example of circumduction?

Bowling a cricket ball

Which movements can be done at the shoulder joint?

Adduction

internal rotation

Twisting in at shoulder

External rotation

Twisting out at shoulder

Is there a larger range of movement at the ball and socket joint or a hinge joint?

Ball and socket (more easily dislocated)

Shoulder joint digram

What type of synovial joint is at the shoulders?

Ball and socket

Diagram of bones at knee joint

Which movements are possible at the knee joint?

Flexion

What type of synovial joint is at the knee?

Hinge

Diagram of hip joint

Which movements are possible at the hip joint?

Flexion

What type of synovial joint is at the hip?

Ball and socket

Diagram of bones in elbow joint

Which movements are possible at an elbow joint?

Flexion

what type of synovial joint is at the elbow?

Hinge

Diagram of bones in ankle joint

What type of synovial joint is at the ankle?

hinge

Which movements are possible at ankle joint?

Plantar flexion

Antagonistically

One muscle is doing something which results in another muscle doing something eg. Bicep and tricep

What does the skeletal system do?

Allows movement at a joint

What do flat bones protect?

Vital organs

Joint

Place where 2 or more bones meet

Movement

Muscles contract to pull the bones of the skeleton

What do different types of joints do?

Allow different types of movement

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Support

Support

The bones are solid and ridgid. They keep us upright and hold the rest of the body (the muscles and organs) in place.

Protection

Certain parts of the skeleton enclose and protect the body's organs from external forces. Eg. Cranium protects the brain and ribs protect the heart (important in contact in rugby)

Movement

The skeleton helps the body to move by providing anchor points for the muscles to pull against. The long bones in the arms and legs work as levers to allow certain movements

Structural shape and points for attatchment

The skeleton gives us our general shape

Mineral storage

Bones store several minerals

Blood cell production

The inner marrow of the long bones and ribs produces red and white blood cells. Red blood cells are important in activities because they carry oxygen to the working muscles. White blood cells are important to fight off infections in order to keep healthy.

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen to muscles

White blood cells

fight infection

What is the most common joint in the body?

synovial joint

Vertibre

Irregular bone

Synovial joint

Type of joint commonly found in the limbs

contains a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid

Cartilage

Covers ends of bones

Capsule

Tough fibrous tissue - surrounds synovial joints

usually supported by ligaments

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Dislocation

When the bones of a joint separate from their normal position

Synovial fluid

Produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint

Bursae

Fluid filled bags that help reduce friction in a joint

Tendons

Attach muscles to bones

Meniscus

Cartilage acting as a shock absorber between the tibia and femur in the knee joint

Cruciate ligaments

Attach tibia to femur in the knee joint

Which muscles work antagonistically at the shoulder?

Deltoid and latissimus dorssi

Which muscles work antagonistically at the knee?

Quadriceps and hamstring

Which muscles work antagonistically at the hip?

Hip flexor and gluteals

Which muscles work antagonistically at the ankle?

Tibialus anterior and gastrocnemius

Which muscles work antagonistically at the elbow?

Bicep and tricep