Studied by 4 people
where is the sternum located?
chest
where is the femur located
between the hip and knee
where is the vertebrae located?
head/neck
where is the ulna located?
between the elbow and hand
where is the tibia located?
in-between the knee and ankle (shin bone)
where is the cranium located?
head/neck
where is the radius located?
inbetween the hand and elbow
where is scapula located?
shoulder (it is the shoulder blade)
where is the fibula located?
in-between the knee and ankle
where are the ribs located?
chest
where is the pelvis located?
hips
where is the talus located?
ankle
where is the humerus located?
in-between the shoulder and elbow
where is the clavicle located?
shoulder (collarbone)
where is the patella located?
knee
what does the skeleton do?
the skeleton provides framework for muscles to provide movement the skeleton provides points of attachment for muscles
what do muscles do when you move?
muscles contract and pull bones
where do movements happen?
at your joints
what to ligaments attach to?
bone to bone
what do tendons attach to?
muscle to bone
what do short bones do?
they allow finer controlled movements
what do long bones do?
they enable gross movement (big movements)
what do flat bones do?
they protect vital organs
what do different types of joints do?
different types of joints allow different types of movements
give an example of a short bone
talus
give an example of long bones?
femur
movement definition
using joints
shape definition
bones
protection definition
flat bones
attatchment definition
muscles
What is the most common type of joint in the body?
synovial joint
What are the parts of a synovial joint?
cartilage
What does the capsule do?
prevents phagocytosis
What does synovial fluid do?
Lubricates the joint and reduces friction
What does the synovial membrane do?
produces synovial fluid
What does the cartilage do?
cushions bones at the joints
What are bursae?
Small bags of synovial fluid which reduce friction
What is flexion?
decreasing the angle at a joint
What is extension?
Increasing the angle at a joint
Where do plantarflextion and dorsiflexion happen?
Only at the ankle
What is plantar flexion?
Increase angle at the joint ie. When you jump
What is dorsiflexion?
Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint ie. Walking up a hill
What is adduction?
Movement toward the midline of the body
What is abduction?
Movement away from the midline of the body
Give an example of abduction and adduction?
Starjumps/breaststroke
What is circumduction?
Mix of flexion
Give an example of circumduction?
Bowling a cricket ball
Which movements can be done at the shoulder joint?
Adduction
internal rotation
Twisting in at shoulder
External rotation
Twisting out at shoulder
Is there a larger range of movement at the ball and socket joint or a hinge joint?
Ball and socket (more easily dislocated)
Shoulder joint digram
What type of synovial joint is at the shoulders?
Ball and socket
Diagram of bones at knee joint
Which movements are possible at the knee joint?
Flexion
What type of synovial joint is at the knee?
Hinge
Diagram of hip joint
Which movements are possible at the hip joint?
Flexion
What type of synovial joint is at the hip?
Ball and socket
Diagram of bones in elbow joint
Which movements are possible at an elbow joint?
Flexion
what type of synovial joint is at the elbow?
Hinge
Diagram of bones in ankle joint
What type of synovial joint is at the ankle?
hinge
Which movements are possible at ankle joint?
Plantar flexion
Antagonistically
One muscle is doing something which results in another muscle doing something eg. Bicep and tricep
What does the skeletal system do?
Allows movement at a joint
What do flat bones protect?
Vital organs
Joint
Place where 2 or more bones meet
Movement
Muscles contract to pull the bones of the skeleton
What do different types of joints do?
Allow different types of movement
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support
Support
The bones are solid and ridgid. They keep us upright and hold the rest of the body (the muscles and organs) in place.
Protection
Certain parts of the skeleton enclose and protect the body's organs from external forces. Eg. Cranium protects the brain and ribs protect the heart (important in contact in rugby)
Movement
The skeleton helps the body to move by providing anchor points for the muscles to pull against. The long bones in the arms and legs work as levers to allow certain movements
Structural shape and points for attatchment
The skeleton gives us our general shape
Mineral storage
Bones store several minerals
Blood cell production
The inner marrow of the long bones and ribs produces red and white blood cells. Red blood cells are important in activities because they carry oxygen to the working muscles. White blood cells are important to fight off infections in order to keep healthy.
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen to muscles
White blood cells
fight infection
What is the most common joint in the body?
synovial joint
Vertibre
Irregular bone
Synovial joint
Type of joint commonly found in the limbs
contains a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid
Cartilage
Covers ends of bones
Capsule
Tough fibrous tissue - surrounds synovial joints
usually supported by ligaments
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Dislocation
When the bones of a joint separate from their normal position
Synovial fluid
Produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint
Bursae
Fluid filled bags that help reduce friction in a joint
Tendons
Attach muscles to bones
Meniscus
Cartilage acting as a shock absorber between the tibia and femur in the knee joint
Cruciate ligaments
Attach tibia to femur in the knee joint
Which muscles work antagonistically at the shoulder?
Deltoid and latissimus dorssi
Which muscles work antagonistically at the knee?
Quadriceps and hamstring
Which muscles work antagonistically at the hip?
Hip flexor and gluteals
Which muscles work antagonistically at the ankle?
Tibialus anterior and gastrocnemius
Which muscles work antagonistically at the elbow?
Bicep and tricep
Note 
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