Important People in OT

(Weeks #2 and #3)

People and Ideas Influencing OT

John Locke

• Advocated for Humanitarian Treatment

• Theory of Mind: At birth the mind is a blank state

• Sensory learning and Pragmatism

Philippe Pinel

• Introduced “Treatment Moral”

• Changes to the environment lead to changes in behavior

William Tuke

• Founded York Retreat, England

• Promoted self-control, self-esteem, and leisure activities

• Father of Moral Treatment Movement (principle of Autonomy)

Adolph Meyer

• Father of American Psychiatry

• Emphasized individualized treatment (client-centered)

• Found connections between daily occupations and mental illness

Arts and Crafts Movement (1880-1910)

John Ruskin & William Morris

• Promoted simple craft work and creativity to counter industrialization

The Paradigm of Occupation (Early 20^th Century) - Early Pioneers of OT

Jane Addams

• Founded the Hull House (1901)

• The Hull House was a settlement house for European immigrants

• Arts and Crafts were used to help the wellbeing of the people in the Hull House

Clifford Beers

• Started the “Mental Hygiene Movement”

• His book “A Mind That Found Itself” described his own horrible personal experience at a mental asylum

Dr. Herbert James Hall

• Received treatment of neurasthenia (nowadays known as “chronic fatigue syndrome”)

• Influenced by arts and craft movement

• Wrote many books based on the influence of arts & craft

• Used occupations as interventions (“work cure”)

Susan E. Tracy

• Was a nurse

• Following the “work cure” of Dr. Hall wrote a book on therapeutic use of occupations

Founders of OT

William Rush Dunton, Jr.

• Was a psychiatrist

• Father of OT (“Daddy Dunton”)

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

• Mother of OT

• “Habit Training” - focuses on restoring health by balancing daily activities of work, rest, and play

• AOTA Award

George Barton

• Was an architect

• 1st President of OT Association

• Was so inspired by the “work cure” from when he had tuberculosis he studied to become a nurse

Susan Cox Johnson

• Was an arts & craft teacher

• Director of Occupations

Isabel Newton

• Barton’s secretary at Consolation House

Bertha Bobath

• Was a Physical Therapist

• Created Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) for motor learning and control

Margaret Rood

• Was both an Occupational Therapist and Physical Therapist

• Created Motor Control facilitation and inhibitory techniques

Col. Ruth Robinson

• Was an army occupational therapist

• Advocated for the education and certification of occupational therapy assistants

Civil Rights Era (1960-1969)

Mary Reilly

• Introduced the theory of Occupational Behavior

Gail Fidler

• Communication Process (Task Groups)

• Therapeutic Use of Self

Anna Jean Ayres

• Sensory integration (guides a lot of pediatric treatment)

1970-1979

Lela Llorens

• Gave a 1970 Slagle Lecture on the Role of Occupation in Human Development (Growth & Development)

• Only African American to do a Slagle Lecturer

Ann Mosey

• Activity Therapy & Developmental Groups

Claudia Allen

• Cognitive Disabilities Model

• Started moving OT into the cognitive aspect

G. Kielhofner

• “MOHO” = Model of Human Occupation

Occupational Science

• Systematic study of humans as occupational beings

• What people do + relationships + how people occupy their minds

Elizabeth Yerxa

• Founder of Occupational Science

Florence Clark

• Co-Founder of Occupational Science

Ruth Zemke

• Worked closely with Florence Clark