Computer Science 8: What is a Computer

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from the lecture on computers and their history, processing, and modern applications.

Computer

A programmable (usually electronic) machine that converts raw data into useful information.

Information Processing Cycle

The process that converts data into information, including input, processing, storage, and output.

Generational Computer History

Refers to the evolution of computers, divided into four main generations based on technology used.

ENIAC

The first working fully digital, general-purpose electronic computer.

Microprocessor

A complex integrated circuit that contains the processing circuitry in a computer.

Moore's Law

A prediction stating that the number of transistors on a computer chip would double every two years.

Bit

The smallest unit of digital/binary data that can have a value of either 1 or 0.

Byte

A unit of measurement that equals 8 bits.

ASCII

A character encoding standard that uses 8 bits for each character.

Unicode

A character encoding standard developed to represent characters from almost all languages, using 16 bits.

Supercomputer

The fastest, most expensive computers, capable of performing complex mathematical calculations.

Ubiquitous Computing

Technology that recedes into the background, becoming part of the environment, also known as invisible computing.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The connection of the physical world to the Internet, allowing devices to be monitored and controlled.

Client/Server Computing

A system where a server provides services to client computers over a network.

Ergonomics

The study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces, with a focus on health issues related to computer use.

Distributed Computing

Distributes the processing of a task across a group of computers, allowing less powerful systems to perform tasks effectively.