Studied by 27 people
Marshall Plan
a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
glasnost
a Soviet policy allowing more open discussion of political and social issues, as well as more widespread news and info
information disclosure
Berlin Wall
In 1961, the Soviet Union built a high barrier to seal off their sector of Berlin in order to stop the flow of refugees out of the Soviet zone of Germany. The wall was torn down in 1989.
1947, Containment Policy
established by the Truman administration in ____ to contain Soviet influence to what it was at the end of World War II.
berlin airlift
planes flew in food,fuel, and other supplies to 2 millioin berliners during the berlin blockade which cut off west berlin from the rest of the world
1968, Détente
relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
due to NPT
Answer: (year), ____
domino theory
the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
Truman Doctrine
Policy statement by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 that promised military and economic aid to nations threatened by armed minorities or outside groups. Specifically targeted at Greece and Turkey who were threatened by communist aggression.
Satellite
nation politically and economically dominated or controlled by another more powerful country
NATO
an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country:
US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
Arms Race
Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons
1947, Division of Germany
In ____, Germany got divided into 4 zones controlled by the U.S., Great Britian, France and Russia
1953, Korean War
the cold war conflict in which UN soliders fought to defend South Korea from takeover by Communist North Korea, ending a stalemate in _____
1962, Cuban missile crisis
In October ____, the United States and the Soviet Union came close to nuclear war when President Kennedy insisted that Nikita Khrushchev remove the 42 missiles he had secretly deployed in Cuba. The Soviets eventually did so, nuclear war was averted, and the crisis ended.
1955, Warsaw Pact
treaty signed in _____ that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania
- response to NATO
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war: aimed to discuss post-war plans and the reorganization of Europe after the defeat of Nazi Germany
Perestroika
revision of planned economy, introduction of market economy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev
1989, Chinese military, Tiananmen Square
Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in _____. The demonstration was crushed by the _______ with great loss of life.
Berlin Blockade
The was a Soviet attempt to starve out the allies in Berlin in order to gain supremacy. The blockade was a high point in the Cold War, and it led to the Berlin Airlift.
1945, United Nations
an organization of independent states formed in ____ to promote international peace and security
Cold War
" War of words and threats" between the US and USSR from 1945-1990. It was a political and economic stuggle between these nations.
Nikita Khrushchev
He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. He was responsible for the De-Stalinization of the USSR, as well as several liberal reforms ranging from agriculture to foreign policy.
domino theory
the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
Fidel Castro
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)
weapons of mass destruction
nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that can kill tens of thousands of people all at once
Bay of Pigs Invasion
failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the {{____}}.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet dictator from 1985 to 1991 whose policies caused the end of the Soviet Union; revisionist historians identify him as the true Cold War Hero, not Reagan
1957, Sputnik
In October _____, the Soviet Union surprised the world by launching {___}, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. The resulting outcry in the United States, especially fears that the Soviets were ahead in both space exploration and military missiles, forced the Eisenhower administration to increase defense spending and accelerate America's space program.
Brezhnev
Soviet Dictator from 1964 to 1982; brought an end to the Dethawing of the Cold War, instituted his doctrine of intervention in Eastern Europe; invaded Afghanistan in 1979
Iron Curtain
A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world.
1972, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
In ____, the United States and the Soviet Union culminated four years of SALT by signing a treaty limiting the deployment of antiballistic missiles (ABM) and an agreement to freeze the number of offensive missiles for five years.
1947, Cominform (Communist Information Bureau), Marshall Plan
Established by Stalin in ___.
Organized communist parties in Europe, ensuring their alignment with Moscow's directives.
Eliminated opposition to Soviet control in satellite states.
In response to ______.
Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)
Founded by Stalin in 1949.
Soviet alternative to the Marshall Plan.
Built trade links between Comecon countries.
European Coal and Steel Community
1951- Belgium, France, German Federal Republic, Luxembourg, Netherlands
UK chose not to join
European Economic Community
established in 1958
UK was not allowed to join until 1973
aiming to foster economic integration among its member states.
European Atomic Energy Community
1957
creating a specialist market for nuclear power in Europe, by developing nuclear energy and distributing it to its member states
sell the surplus to non-member states.
European Community
ECSC + EEC + EURATOM
To prevent regimes like Nazi Germany, Unstable situations in the Middle East called for joint development and management of coal and nuclear energy
Why integrate Europe?t
Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN)
cultural and economic cooperation
maintenance of regional peace
Newly Industrializing Economies in Asia (NIEs)
ROK and Southeast Asian countries were achieving rapid economic development under dictatorships
Developmental Dictatorships
Regime restricting political participation and justifying dictatorship through the necessity of “political stability” for economic development.
ROK leader of Developmental Dictatorship
Park Chung Hee
The Philippines leader of Developmental Dictatorship
Marcos government
Indonesia leader of Developmental Dictatorship
Suharto Regime
Burma leader of Developmental Dictatorship
Me Win Regime
Singapore leader of Developmental Dictatorship
Lee Kuan Yew
Consequences of the Cold War
Caused economic fluctuations, one of such being the Oil Crisis
Fall of the Soviet Union: End of communist rule in Eastern Europe
Rise of the United States as a superpower
Globalization and spread of capitalism
Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and NATO's expansion
Shift in balance of power from bipolarity to unipolarity
First Oil Crisis
4th Arab-Israeli War occurs
Middle Eastern oil is restricted
OPEC significantly increase oil prices
Second Oil Crisis
Halt of oil production due to Iranian revolution
Neoliberalism
A political and economic theory promoting free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduced government intervention in the economy.
slowdown of economic growth in the West and Japan
Welfare state → Free competition
japanese economic collapse
A severe downturn in Japan's economy characterized by:
significant decrease in GDP
high unemployment rates
deflation
sharp decline in consumer spending.
Plaza Accord
An agreement in 1985 among major economies to devalue the US dollar to address trade imbalances and stimulate global economic growth.
Consequences of Plaza Accord
yen becomes expensive
export industries are in decline
To cope, gov. deregulates domestic economic activity
4, 11, 6, 1, 5, 2, 12, 3, 7, 8, 10, 9, 13
Explain and order the following in chronological order:
Korean War
Berlin Wall
Vietnam War
Marshall Plan
Warsaw Pact
COMECON, NATO
Cultural Revolution
Sino-soviet border conflict
Gorbachev
Iranian Revolution
Berlin Blockade
Cuban Missile Crisis
End of Cold War
1966, Cultural Revolution
Preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Happens in ____.
Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Signed by the U.S., Great Britain, and the USSR. Prohibits possession of nuclear weapons by any country other than the U.S., the USSR, Great Britain, France, and China.
New political thinking
Gorbachev’s rule for reconciliation with western bloc.
1955 System
Japanese political system that the Liberal Democratic Party took office for almost 40 years.
Origin of the Vietnam War
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam established. (1945)
France wants to regain colonial control → invades South Vietnam and starts Indochina War. (1946~)
League for the Independence of Vietnam, Dien Bien Phu (1946~1954)
____ defeated France at the battle of _____. (Vietnam)
Geneva Conference of 1954
Promised unified elections of South and North Vietnam.
the U.S., Geneva Agreement, Republic of Vietnam
____ did not recognize ____ and established ____ in South Vietnam.
1964, Start of Vietnam war
The U.S. announced their destroyer was destroyed in the Gulf of Tonkin
U.S. attacked North Vietnam
Air strikes, biological weapons
The U.S. used ____ and ____ against North Vietnam
1975, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Vietnamese war ended in ____, _____ changed its name to _____.
Hindu, Muslim, East Pakistan, Bangladesh.
_____ approved the independence of India.
India (___ nation) and Pakistan (___ nation) became independent.
India supports the independence of ______. It achieved independence from Pakistan as _____.
the USSR, China, the U.S.
India-china border dispute
India because close to ______
Pakistan became close to _____ and _____
Time of Independence of African countries
1960s
the Organization of African Unity
Independent African countries established
Problems with established African countries
unstable due to mono-cultural economy and borders brought by colonial rule and frequent internal conflicts
Apartheid
A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa ensured rule by whites.
Did not join OAU.
Nelson Mandela
South Africa made a new constitution due to international criticism and resistance. Mandela was the president in 1994.
Iranian Revolution
led to the collapse of autocratic dynasty supported by the U.S.
Egypt
becomes a republic (1956)
Nationalization of the Suez Canal, Suez Crisis, England, France, Israel
Egypt declared it, leading to the _____. Still, they won the war against ____, _____, and _____.
The rise of Arabism
Starts with the Nationalization of the Suez Canal.
June 1967 War = Israel invades Egypt
Nationalist party
_____ fled to Taiwan.
1949, the People’s Republic of China
In ____, ______ was established after the civil war (China)
Sukarno, Suharto
____, which declared the establishment of Indonesia’s republic, but was overthrown and replaced by ______.
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, France
_____ declared independence in Indochina, which lead to a war with _____.
1954, Zhou Enlai, Nehru, territorial integrity, sovereignty
In _____, Chinese Premier ____ and Indian Prime Minister _____ met and announced the Five Principles. It included things such as ______ and ______.
Asian-African Conference
10 principles were adopted at the _________ in the following year of its announcement.
First Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, 1961
Opposition to colonialism was declared at the _______, which was held in ____.
Tito of Yugoslavia, Nasser of Egypt, Nehru of India
The “First Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement” was requested by President ___ of ______, President _____ of ____, and Prime Minister ____ of ____.
Answer with: (name) of (country)
1955, Geneva, The Personality Cult and Its Consequences, Khrushchev
Defrosting of the Cold War was shown through the meeting between the U.S., Britain, France, and the USSR in ____ in _____. The following year, _____ was published by ____ of the USSR.
1956, The Personality Cult and Its Consequences, Hungary
In October ____, right after the release of _______, the USSR intervened militarily in the rebelling in _____, which led to the continuation of the Cold War.
Ichiro Hatoyama, 1955, Soviet-Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, the USSR
The ______ Cabinet, formed by the integration of conservative Japanese parties in ____, signed the ________ and restored diplomatic relations with _____.
the United Nations, the USSR, 1956
Japan achieved membership in _____ with the support of _____ in ______.
Nobusuke Kishi, New Japan-U.S. Security Treaty, 1960
_______ Cabinet concluded the ________ in ____. (Japan)
Eisaku Sato, South Korea
_____ Cabinet normalized diplomatic relations with _____ in 1965
Tanaka Kakuei, China, Taiwan
________ Cabinet normalized diplomatic relations with ____ in 1972. The ones with ___ were severed.
planned economic policy, the USSR, Mao Zedong, 2nd Five-Year Plan
In ____, China was promoting a _______ but because of the lack of engineers due to the deteriorating relations with the ______, _____ established _____ to regain independence of the economy.
rural areas, people’s communes
2nd Five-Year Plan sought to collectivize _____ through ________.
2nd Five-Year Plan, socialism, Cultural Revolution
Due to the failure of the ______, gradual _____ emerged, and Mao Zedong hurried to suppress it, which is the ________.
Nixon, gold, dollar, Bretton Woods system
President ____ announced the suspension of exchange between ____ and ____ to protect it; he demanded that countries with trade surpluses significantly revalue their exchange rates. In other words, _______ is over.
Plaza Accord, they were concerned about losing their export markets
Japan and Germany signed the _____ with the United States in 1985 because ____.
1989, Malta Summit
the Cold war between East and West ended in December of ____ with the _____.
Gorbachev, Hungary, Romania
_____ attempted policies but failed, resulting the the democratization of ____ and ____. (the USSR)
Note 
Flashcard (91)