History of Architecture: Pre Colonial Architecture - Cordilleras

northern strain and southern strain

2 strains of architectural styles

northern strain

Apayao, Kalinga, Isneg; elongated, rectangular plans

southern strain

Ifugao, Benguet, Bontoc; square floor plan

northern strain

high gabled roofs

southern strain

pyramidical/conical roofs; “resting”, not lashed atop the house

kankanaey/ kankanay (northern)

sloping terraces to maximize farm space

bauko (northern)

wall + roof have separate frames; roof extends beyond perimeter wall

kankanaey/ kankanay (southern)

has extra angled supports for roofs; post + lintel support; no perimeter wall

bauko (southern)

high-steeped roof; roof rest on the upper frame of the house frame

baey/babayan

elevate; square, 1-room plan

batawa

paved courtyard w/ sacrificial fireplace

dap-ay

men’s dormitory & civic center

ebgan

girl’s dormitory; for courting

Kalinga

occupied internal and central portions; known headhunters

rectangular and octagonal

2 type of houses of the Kalinga

binuron/ binayon

octagonal house; walls are slightly angled outward

rectangular house

central floor has independent foundation

inalahan

public forest hunting ground

hinaob

forest adapted by terrace communities

uma/ kaingin

swidden farm cultivated by a rotation of users

payo

stone walled terrace

latangan

residential areas below the terraces

magulon

grasslands

Ifugao

4 distinct dialects; rice terraces

pugo

from the hill

ipugo

humans; as distinguished from spirits and deities

abong

poor man’s dwelling

bale/ fale

shelter of the more fortunate

stone pavement, wall & floor, roof

3 levels of the bale/ fale

hagabi

bench

halipan

rat guard; circular disks fitted to the posts

palan

attic storage

nundatu

male side

punchapalan

fireplace

na-ulya

female side

panto

door

teteh

ladder

tukod

post

gaob

wallboard

fourth wall

facing the wind; no window

carabao’s skull and pig jams

status & peace w/ gods

ambubulan

against evil spirits; favor from the god Kadunyan

ibaloi/ nabaloi/ inibaloi

southern benguet; agri. cultivating rice in terraced fields

pesshet

public prestige feast of the wealthy ; butchering and sacrifice of a dozen animals

bendiyan dance

victory dance of hundreds of men and women; challenge of resistance

bontoc

sleep and eat on the ground floor; ½ floor: rice granary

fa’rey/ fay’u

rich family house (bontoc); made of steel

kol-ob

poor family house (bontoc)

ato

for boys

o’lag

for girls

fawi

council house

kalasod

queen post

anayasan

beam attached to the kalasod

dagat

support of the kalasod

sha’tal

floor board

sagpad

floor joist

det-a

interior

tokod

posts

tikel

rafter

sapditan

binding rafter

Mindoro

7th largest island in the PH

Mangyans

ethnolinguistic group of Mindoro; coastal dwellers

Hanunuo Mangyans

true, pure, genuine; strict in ancestral preservation

communal long house, gabled type, temporary lean-to

types of mangyan house

palaganan

passageway at the central part of the room

sabtang, batan, itbayat

main islands of batanes

Batanes

created by a series of volcanic arcs & geologic forces

ivatan

true insulares

vakul

headdress for female

kanayi

headdress for male

savidug idjang

biggest and best preserved site in Batanes

idjang

mountain fortress

kaybaybanaan/ kamanyidugan

cooperative system for the reconstruction of ivatan houses

panpet

roof nets; strong ropes

sinadumparan

1-storey main house w/ a partially submerged basement

rakhu

2-storey ivatan house

fourth wall

facing the wind; no window

abbu

basement

sahad

upper storey

jinjin

thatch house; roof is multilayered cogon system

chivuvuhung

walls are made of thatched cogon

kamadid

triangular viewed at front, octagonal viewed at side; house fishing boats

mauhurahed

low wall made of sand, chopped cogon, mud, lime and sand

nituaven

4 sides taper the top to form a trapezoidal shape; low basement