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evolution
gradual change over time
theory
well-supported testable explanation
Darwin
observed organisms (finches) on the Galapagos Islands which led to evolutionary theories
Where are the Galapagos Islands?
Pacific Ocean
What did Charles Darwin do?
collected plant/animal specimens everywhere he went
observed characteristics of plants/animals differed among Galapagos Islands
published book: On the Origin of Species
What ship did Darwin sail on?
The Beagle
How long did it take Darwin to travel?
5 yrs
Natural Selection
changes in the inherited characteristics of a population
Struggle for existence
organisms compete for food, space, and other resources. (natures version of artificial selection)
fitness
the ability to survive & reproduce
survival of the fittest
organisms with a high fittest level are most likely to reproduce
artificial selection
evolutionary process where humans select organisms’ characteristics
the practice of breeding dogs to produce offspring with specific traits is an example of______ _______
artificial selection
natural selection
basically survival of the fittest / organisms well suited to their environment will live long enough to reproduce
Name of book Charles Wrote?
On the Origin of Species
adaptation
there are natural & heritable variations called adaptations that increase an individuals chance of survival
Darwin studied what animal?
finches
evidence for evolution?
Fossil records
geographic distribution
Homologous structures & vestigial organs
similarities in embryology
fossil records
provides evidence that living things have been evolving for millions of years
geographic distribution
similar animals in different locations were the product of different lines of evolutionary descent
homologous structures
structures that have different forms but development from the same embryonic tissue
vestigial organs
organs with little or no function (ex. appendix, tailbone, tonsils / whales dont not use pelvic bones (ancestors once used these organs)
similarities in embryology
in early stages, many organisms provide evidence that they shared a common ancestor
evolutionary tree
“all living things belong to one family and are descended from common ancestors"
hybrid
the offspring of two different species, such as a liger
frequency
refers to the number of individuals in a population with a trait
variation
refers to differences in individual in a population, like light versus dark mice
selection
the process by which evolution occurs; natural
descent
the idea that each living species descended from other species: common
tortoises
had different shaped shells depending on the island
extinction
when organisms disappear from the earth
