Motor Control and Motor Learning Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for EXS-305, covering motor behavior, motor control, motor learning, and motor development.

What are the three domains of motor behavior?

Motor Development, Motor Control, and Motor Learning

Name some active learning strategies.

Experiential Learning, Jigsaw Discussion, Role Playing, Interactive Lecture, Forum Theater, Inquiry Learning, Active Review Sessions, Hands-on Technology, Case Studies, Groups Evaluations, Brainstorming, Peer Review, Informal Groups, Triad Groups, Large Group Discussion, Think-Pair-Share, Writing, Self-assessment, Pause for reflection

What are some active learning strategies mentioned in the notes?

Spaced practice, Retrieval practice, Elaboration, Interleaving, Concrete examples, Dual coding

What is Motor Behavior?

Human's ability to produce skilled movements in response to sensory information

What is Motor Development?

Change in motor behavior throughout one's lifetime

What is Motor Control?

Mechanisms used by CNS to integrate sensory info with previous experiences

What is Motor Learning?

Practice and experience to produce a relatively permanent change = skilled movement

What is Sensation?

Detection of stimuli, what caused the information

What is Perception?

Interpretation of all the data, you "view" of what happened

What is Perception–Action Coupling?

Perception of movement-related factors is matched with motor skill actions to accomplish a movement goal

What is Knowledge?

Theoretical or practical understanding of a subject

What are Skills?

Proficiencies you develop through training or experience

What is Ability?

Quality of being able to do something

What is Coordination?

Patterning of the body and limb segments relative to one another and relative to the environment

What is a Discrete motor skill?

Clear beginning and end

What is a Serial motor skill?

Ordered discrete skills

What is a Continuous motor skill?

Repetitive movement skill

What are Open Skills?

Changing and unpredictable environment

what are Closed Skills?

Setting is stable and predictable

What are Regulatory Conditions?

Environmental factors that directly or indirectly influence which motor skill is selected and how it is performed.

What is Physical Proficiency in terms of categories of abilities?

Physiological, anatomical, biomechanical characteristics

What is Psychomotor ability in terms of categories of abilities?

Perceptual and cognitive processing, perception-action coupling speed and decision-making motor actions, dexterity, precision, limb movement speed

What is Psychological ability in terms of categories of abilities?

Behavioral and psychological characteristics

What is the basic idea behind the Reflex Theory?

Stimulus response = movement

What is the main idea behind Hierarchical Theories in motor control?

Brain controls movements in a top-down manner

What is the Dynamic Systems Theory?

There is no single element that determines behavior… Motor behavior isn't just the brain Variation = optimum function Brain-body-task-environment interaction

What is the Motor Program Theory?

Ordered steps to complete a movement

What is the Ecological Theory in motor control?

Environment gives perceptions to assist with motor decision, motivation continues learning process.

What is the Systems Model of motor control?

Involves a "task" oriented approach or functional goals. Functional tasks practiced under a variety of conditions, by modifying environmental contexts.

What is the Closed Loop Theory?

Sensory feedback is used for the ongoing production of skilled movement. Memory Trace = initiation of movement Perceptual Trace = reference of correctness

What is the Schema Theory?

Optimal Learning = task practiced under many different conditions Positive benefits for error production (learn from own mistakes)

What is the Perceptual-motor workspace from The Ecological Theory of motor learning?

Identifies movements and perceptual cues most relevant to performance of task

What are the stages in Fitts and Posner's Model of Motor Learning?

Cognitive Stage, Associative Stage, Autonomous Stage

What are the stages of Bernstein's Model of motor learning?

INITIAL - Freezing the limbs ADVANCED - Releasing the limbs EXPERT - Exploiting the environment

What is the Initial Stage of Learning in the Gentile Model?

Acquire movement coordination, Discriminate between regulatory and non-regulatory conditions, Exploration of movement solution possibilities, Develop a movement coordination pattern enabling some action goal achievement

What are the later stages of learning in the Gentile Model of motor learning?

Capability of adapting movement pattern, Increase consistency, Exploration of movement solution possibilities, Economy of effort, Fixation and diversification through movement modification requirements

List some factors affecting motor learning.

Verbal instructions, Practice, Active participation and motivation, Possibility of errors, Postural control, Memory, Feedback

What are some Common Instructional Strategies (CISs)?

Slow -motion demonstrations, Feedback, Sequential command style cues, Differentiated instruction

What is Motor Development?

The process of change in motor behavior with advancing age and the numerous physiological and psychological processes that underlie these changes, describes the adjustments in posture, movement, and skillful manipulation of objects achieved through the coordination of several neurologic control structures.

What are the general progression phases of Motor Development?

Birth to 12 months (infancy), 1 year to 6 years old (early childhood), 7 years to 11 years old (later childhood), 12 years to 18 years old (adolescence), 19 years to 30 years old (early adulthood), 30 years to 60 years old (middle adulthood) 60+ years old (late adulthood)

What are the areas of development in Motor Development?

Psychological, Cognitive, and Physical

What are the 4 Stages of Motor Development?

Movement is governed by reflexes, Reflex expression declines as a result of maturation of the cerebral cortex, Increased cortical control produces deliberate or voluntary movement, Smooth and coordinated movements

Name some Nonlocomotor / Stability Fundamental Movement Skills.

Bending, twisting, stretching, etc.

Name some Locomotor Fundamental Movement Skills.

Walking/Running

Name some Manipulative / Object Control Fundamental Movement Skills.

Throwing, Catching, Kicking, Striking