NUR 204: Foundations of Health Promotion Principles

Flashcards covering core principles of health promotion, levels of prevention, Maslow's hierarchy, Healthy People 2030, WHO health definitions, health belief variables, the Health Belief Model, and the Transtheoretical Model.

Primary Prevention

Health promotion activities directed at preventing disease or injury before it occurs.

Primary Prevention Mnemonic "P"

The letter 'P' in Primary stands for Prevention and Pre.

Secondary Prevention

Health promotion activities focused on early detection and screening for illness or disease.

Secondary Prevention Mnemonic "S"

The letter 'S' in Secondary stands for Screening.

Tertiary Prevention

Health promotion activities aimed at treatment, rehabilitation, and managing established disease to minimize complications.

Tertiary Prevention Mnemonic "T"

The letter 'T' in Tertiary stands for Treatment.

Administering Immunizations at a Health Fair

An action correctly identified as primary prevention because it prevents illness before it occurs.

Educating Elementary Children on E-Cigarette Harms

An exemplary nursing action for primary prevention aimed at educating individuals before health problems occur.

Screening for Type II Diabetes

An action correctly classified as secondary prevention because it focuses on early detection.

Support Group for Stroke Patients

An example of tertiary prevention aimed at managing long-term outcomes and treatment after disease occurrence.

Administering Insulin for Uncontrolled Diabetes

An example of tertiary prevention involving medical treatment for an existing chronic condition.

Administering Blood Pressure Medication

An example of tertiary prevention focused on treating an established disease state.

Maslow's Hierarchy Priority Rule

A nursing priority rule stating that physiological needs (e.g., nutrition, oxygen) must be met before addressing psychological or emotional needs.

Physiological Needs Level (Maslow)

The foundational base level of Maslow's hierarchy that encompasses basic survival necessities such as oxygen, fluids, and nutrition.

Maslow's Hierarchy Diagram

A five-tier pyramid of human needs ranging from physiological needs at the base to self-actualization at the apex.

Oxygen (Maslow)

A physiological need at the base of Maslow's hierarchy essential for biological survival.

Fluids (Maslow)

A physiological need at the base level of Maslow's hierarchy required for hydration and bodily functioning.

Nutrition (Maslow)

A physiological need at the base level of Maslow's hierarchy that takes clinical priority over anxiety or social needs when a patient is not eating.

Body Temperature (Maslow)

A physiological need in Maslow's hierarchy involving thermoregulation required for biological stability.

Elimination (Maslow)

A basic physiological need in Maslow's hierarchy pertaining to bodily excretion functions.

Shelter (Maslow)

A basic physiological necessity in Maslow's hierarchy providing physical environmental protection.

Sex (Maslow)

A biological requirement listed under the physiological needs level in Maslow's hierarchy.

Safety and Security Needs (Maslow)

The second tier of Maslow's hierarchy, divided into physical safety and psychological safety.

Physical Safety (Maslow)

A component of safety and security needs protecting individuals from bodily injury or physical danger.

Psychological Safety (Maslow)

A component of safety and security needs involving protection from emotional stress or mental harm.

Love and Belonging Needs (Maslow)

The third level of Maslow's hierarchy focusing on social connections, family relationships, and personal affection.

Self-Esteem Needs (Maslow)

The fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy involving feelings of self-worth, respect, achievement, and recognition.

Self-Actualization (Maslow)

The top level of Maslow's hierarchy representing the full realization of an individual's personal potential.

Healthy People Program

A nationwide health-promotion and disease-prevention initiative set by the US Department of Health and Human Services.

US Department of Health and Human Services

The governing agency that establishes public health priorities and measurable objectives for the Healthy People initiative.

Healthy People Objective Interval

Evidence-based health targets provided every 10 years to guide public health policy.

Healthy People 2030

The 5th iteration of the national Healthy People initiative designed to improve public health across the current decade.

Healthy People 2030 Core Objectives Count

Contains 359 core (measurable) objectives associated with target goals for the decade.

Healthy People 2030 Vision

A society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being across the lifespan.

Healthy People 2030 Environment Goal

Creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all individuals.

Leading Health Indicators (LHIs)

High-priority objectives in Healthy People categorized for specific populations including infants, children and adolescents, and adults and older adults.

WHO Definition of Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

World Health Organization (WHO)

The international health body that established a holistic definition of health prioritizing physical, mental, and social dimensions.

Holistic Health Care

A model of nursing care that addresses the whole person rather than focusing exclusively on pathological states or disease presence.

Physical Well-Being (WHO)

One of the three core health dimensions defined by WHO, referring to physiological soundness and bodily biological health.

Mental Well-Being (WHO)

One of the three core health dimensions defined by WHO, incorporating cognitive and emotional psychological state.

Social Well-Being (WHO)

One of the three core health dimensions defined by WHO, involving social interaction and community relationship factors.

Internal Variables (Health Beliefs)

Personal patient factors influencing health beliefs, including developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, and spiritual factors.

Developmental Stage (Internal Variable)

An internal factor where cognitive and age development level shapes how a patient understands and responds to health and illness.

Intellectual Background (Internal Variable)

An internal factor involving cognitive abilities and educational understanding that influences a patient's view of healthcare.

Perception of Functioning (Internal Variable)

An internal variable regarding how a patient self-evaluates physical and general bodily performance during illness.

Emotional Factors (Internal Variable)

Internal variables such as anxiety levels and emotional coping mechanisms that affect health behaviors.

Spiritual Factors (Internal Variable)

Internal variables encompassing personal religious or spiritual beliefs that shape views on health and healing.

External Variables (Health Beliefs)

Outside environmental factors that influence health choices, including family role and practices, socioeconomic/psychosocial factors, and cultural background.

Family Role and Practices (External Variable)

An external variable reflecting how family dynamics and childhood health habits dictate healthcare usage.

Socioeconomic Factors (External Variable)

External environmental elements such as economic status and employment status that directly affect patient treatment adherence.

Economic Status Impact on Compliance

Financial capacity and resources that directly dictate whether a patient can afford treatments and comply with healthcare plans.

Psychosocial Factors (External Variable)

External variables encompassing social class, social support systems, and peer group influence.

Cultural Background (External Variable)

An external variable shaping an individual's personal health values, practices, customs, and language comprehension.

Health Belief Model

A framework developed by Becker & Maiman (1975) evaluating individual perceptions, modifying factors, and likelihood of preventive action.

Perceived Susceptibility

An individual perception within the Health Belief Model regarding one's subjective risk of contracting a specific disease.

Perceived Seriousness (Severity)

An individual perception in the Health Belief Model concerning how grave or dangerous a disease's consequences would be.

Modifying Factors (Health Belief Model)

Variables such as demographics, sociopsychological factors, and cues to action that alter perceived disease threat.

Demographic Variables (Health Belief Model)

Modifying factors including age, gender, race, and ethnicity.

Sociopsychological Variables (Health Belief Model)

Modifying factors including personality traits, social class, and peer or reference group pressure.

Cues to Action

Triggers that initiate health actions, such as mass media campaigns, advice from others, reminder postcards from providers, illness of a relative, or news articles.

Perceived Threat of Disease X

The central belief formed by individual perceptions and modifying factors that drives behavioral decisions in the Health Belief Model.

Likelihood of Action Calculation

Determined in the Health Belief Model by calculating perceived benefits of preventive action minus perceived barriers to preventive action.

Transtheoretical Model

A behavioral model outlining five sequential stages of change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Precontemplation Stage

Stage of change where the individual is not considering changing behavior within the next 6 months.

Precontemplation Timeline

Occurs greater than 6 months prior to the onset of overt action.

Contemplation Stage

Stage of change where an individual is actively considering making a health behavior change within 6 months.

Contemplation Timeline

Exactly 6 months prior to the onset of action.

Preparation Stage

Stage of change where an individual is actively considering changing in the near or immediate future (within 30 days) and taking small preparatory steps.

Preparation Timeline

Exactly 1 month prior to the onset of action.

Action Stage

Stage of change characterized by overt attempts to modify health behavior, lasting less than 6 months.

Timeline for Stages of Change

A structured timeline mapping precontemplation, contemplation (6 months before), preparation (1 month before), action onset, and maintenance (6 months after).

Maintenance Stage

Stage of change where an adopted health change remains established for longer than 6 months.

Maintenance Timeline

Extends beyond 6 months following the onset of action.

Relapse in Transtheoretical Model

A temporary setback during behavior modification (e.g., smoking after 2 weeks smoke-free) causing regression back to contemplation or precontemplation.