PA8 Politics and Administration Reviewer Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core political concepts, public administration, and the historical development of the Philippine government across Spanish, American, Authoritarian, and Aquino regimes.

Politics

The process of decision-making, exercising power, and allocating resources, which involves influencing policies, resolving conflicts, and determining authority use.

Order

A fundamental concept of politics referring to communities where individuals share a common identity.

Power

A fundamental concept of politics defined as the government's ability to perform required tasks.

Justice

A fundamental concept of politics described as the guardian of public interest in exercising governmental powers.

Public Administration

The implementation and management of government policies and programs, with a focus on practical, service-oriented administration and service delivery.

Political Science

The study of politics, government, institutions, power, and public policies, focusing on government formation, leadership decisions, and power exercise from a theoretical and analytical perspective.

Bureaucracy

A system of government or organization where tasks are managed through official rules, offices, and people with specific responsibilities, introduced as a social institution during the Spanish colonial period.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain who formed the top class of the colonial social hierarchy in the Philippines.

Insulares

Spaniards born in the Philippines who occupied the social class directly below the peninsulares.

Indios

Native Filipinos who occupied the lower class of the social hierarchy during the Spanish colonial period.

Polo y servicios

A policy of forced labor imposed on Filipinos by the Spanish colonial government.

Governor-General

The highest official in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period who carried out the policies of the Spanish Crown.

Public Law Number 5

A civil service law enacted on September 19, 1900, under the American colonial period that established the Philippine Civil Service Board and proposed the merit system.

Early Republic

The historical period in the Philippines following independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.

Spoils System

A civil service defect where a winning political party rewards loyal supporters, friends (cronyism), or relatives (nepotism) with government jobs.

Normalcy

A state in the Early Republic where corruption in the government became accepted as part of the normal scheme of things.

Authoritarian Regime

A system where political power is concentrated in one leader or small group with limited freedoms for the people, referring specifically to the government under Ferdinand Marcos Sr. during Martial Law (1972–1981).

1987 Constitution

The constitution approved through a National Plebiscite in February 1987 under the Aquino Regime that restored democratic institutions, strengthened separation of powers, and provided safeguards against the concentration of power.

Local Government Code of 1991

A law resulting from local government decentralization under the Aquino Regime that transferred National Government responsibilities to Local Government Units.