Forensic Document Examination and Printing Technologies

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers natural variations in forensic document examination, procedures for collecting typewriter exemplars, standards of comparison, and specifications for various printer technologies (Daisy Wheel, Ink-Jet, Laser, and Thermal).

Natural Variations

Normal or usual deviations found between repeated specimens of any individual's handwriting or in the product of any typewriters.

Typewriting Exemplar Protocol (Ribbon)

If the typewriter ribbon is obviously new, it should be removed and sent to the laboratory with exemplars prepared from another ribbon.

Typewriting Exemplar Protocol (Copying)

The investigator should type out a full word-for-word copy of the questioned message, including typographical errors, using similar paper and touch.

Typewriting Exemplar Protocol (Stencil Position)

Samples are obtained by removing the cloth ribbon (or using stencil position) and typing each character through carbon paper onto white bond paper.

Typewriting Specimen Identification

Each specimen must contain the make, model, and serial number of the typewriter, the date, and the initials of the officer.

Machine Preservation

After exemplars are obtained, the investigation should insure the typewriter is kept in its current condition.

Collected Standard

Standards written on record materials from dated use in the course of business or private affairs.

Prepared Standard

Standards written by a person under some direction or matter written by the investigator himself.

Daisy Wheel Printer

A printer mechanism featuring a total of 96 character arms with characters embossed on the tips of the arms.

Ink-Jet Printer Components

This printer type includes a stepper motor, ink cartridge, printhead, drive belt, sliding rod, resistor, ink chambers, and microscopic nozzles.

Laser Printer Components

Key components include the OPC drum and charging roller.

Laser vs. Inkjet (Quality)

Laser printers provide higher print quality, whereas inkjet printers provide lower print quality.

Laser vs. Inkjet (Speed)

Laser printers have faster print speeds, while inkjet printers have slower print speeds.

Laser vs. Inkjet (Output Volume)

Laser printers are intended for high-volume output, whereas inkjet printers are for low-volume output.

Laser vs. Inkjet (Cartridge)

Laser printers use toner cartridges, while inkjet printers use ink cartridges.

Thermal Printer

A specific type of printer mentioned in forensic document examination contexts, exemplified by machines like the Fresh Mart Epson.