Unit 2: Pliny’s Letters: Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius: Reading 2.3: Letter 6.20.1–10

agmen, agminis, n.

noun, multitude, troop, crowd; battle line, army

aio

verb (defective, ais, ait, aiunt), to assert, affirm, say, tell, relate

alienus, -a, -um

adjective, of another, belonging to another, not one's own, foreign, alien, strange

alter, -tera, -terum

adjective, one, another, the one, the other (of two)

annus, anni, m.

noun, year

arena (harena), -ae, f.

noun, sand, grains of sand; sandy land or desert; seashore; arena

ater, atra, atrum

adjective, black, coal-black, gloomy, dark

attonitus, -a, -um

adjective, astonished, fascinated; stupefied, dazed; inspired

studium, studii, n.

noun, application, zeal, eagerness, inclination, desire, exertion, study

tacitus, -a, -um

adjective, silent, not spoken of, kept secret, secret, hidden

torqueo, -ere, torsi, tortum

verb, to turn, turn about, turn away, twist, bend, wind

vestigium, vestigii, n.

noun, footstep, step, footprint; trace, mark, track, vestige

voco, -are, -avi, -atum

verb, to call, summon, invoke, call together, convoke

vos, vestrum/vestri, vobis, vos, vobis

pronoun, you (pl.)

campus, campi, m.

noun, plain, field, open country, level place

coepio, -ere, coepi, coeptum

verb, to begin, commence

committo, -ere, -misi, -missum

verb, to bring together, join, combine, put together, connect, unite

consulo, -ere, -ui, -tum

verb, to meet and consider, reflect, consult, look out, be mindful

corripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum

verb, to seize, snatch up, grasp, collect, take hold of, arrest

cupio, -ere, -ivi, -itum

verb, to long for, desire, wish

debeo, -ere, -ui, -itum

verb, to owe, be in debt; ought, must, should

descendo, -ere, -i, descensum

verb, to descend, go down; to dismount; to penetrate, sink

detineo, -ere, -ui, -tentum

verb, to hold off, keep back, detain, check

dubius, -a, -um

adjective, moving two ways, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain

ecce

interjection, lo! see! behold! there! look!

exigo, -ere, -egi, -actum

verb, to drive out, push forth, thrust out, take out, expel; spend (time); demand; inquire; complete, spend

frater, fratris, m.

noun, brother

horrendus, -a, -um

adjective, dreadful, terrible, fearful, horrible

horreo, -ere, -ui

verb, to shudder (at), stand on end, stand erect, bristle, be rough

impello (inp-), -ere, -puli, -pulsum

verb, to strike against, push, drive, strike; set in motion, drive forward, move, urge on

incipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum

verb, to take hold, take in hand, begin

ingens, ingentis

adjective, not natural, vast, huge, enormous, great, remarkable

intentus, -a, -um

adjective, eager, intent, attentive; strict; intense, strenuous; serious

latus, lateris, n.

noun, side, flank

littera, litterae, f.

noun, letter (of the alphabet); (pl.) letter, epistle; literature, books, records, account

memini, -isse

verb (defective), to remember, recollect; (with gen.) think of, be mindful of

minus

adverb, less

moveo, -ere, movi, motum

verb, to move, stir, set in motion, shake, disturb, remove

oppidum, oppidi, n.

noun, town

otium, otii, n.

noun, leisure; spare time; holiday; ease, rest, peace, quiet, calm

patior, -i, passus sum

verb, to bear, support, undergo, suffer, endure, allow

pereo, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itum

verb, to pass away, come to nothing, vanish, disappear, perish, die

premo, -ere, -essi, -essum

verb, to press, repress, oppress, restrain

proficiscor, -i, -fectus sum

verb, to set out, start, go, march, depart

prudentia, prudentiae, f.

noun, discretion; good sense, wisdom; prudence; foresight

quis, quid

pronoun, who, what

reliquus, -a, -um

adjective, rest of, remaining, available, left, surviving; future, further

rumpo, -ere, rupi, ruptum

verb, to break, burst, tear, rupture, burst in pieces, force open

sedeo, -ere, sedi, sessum

verb, to sit, remain, settle

sequor, -i, secutus sum

verb, to follow, come after, follow after, accompany

soleo, -ere, -ui, -itum

verb, to be used, be wont, be accustomed

spatium, spatii, n.

noun, space, room, extent, distance, interval