Antimicrobial Drugs

Beta-Lactam

Classification for Penicillin

Beta-Lactam (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate

Classification for Augmentin

Beta-Lactam, 1st gen cephalosporin

Classification for Cephalexin

Beta-Lactam, 3rd gen cephalosporin

Classification for Ceftriaxone

Macrolide

Classification for Azithromycin

Fluoroquinolone

Classification for Ciprofloxacin

Sulfonamide

Classification for Bactrim DS

Glycopeptide

Classification for Vancomycin

Pharmacodynamics for Penicillin G, Augmentin, Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs. Effective against gram positive and some gram negative

Pharmacodynamics for Azithromycin

Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

Pharmacodynamics for Ciprofloxacin

Inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes responsible for the supercoiling of DNA

Pharmacodynamics for Bactrim DS

Inhibits folic acid synthesis by blocking dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase, effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria.

Pharmacodynamics for Vancomycin

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors.

Pharmacodynamics for Clindamycin

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by preventing the elongation of the polypeptide chain

Pharmacodynamics for Metronidazole

Inhibits DNA synthesis by forming toxic metabolites that bind to DNA and cause strand breakage

What to monitor for Penicillin

Diarrhea

What to monitor for Cephalexin

Allergy with penicillin

What to monitor for Ceftriaxone

Renal and liver function

What to monitor for Azithromycin

Arrhythmia

What to monitor for Ciprofloxacin

Renal function, QT waves

What to monitor for Bactrim DS

Renal function, CBC

What to monitor for Vancomycin

Kidney function

Can’t drink alcohol, leaves metallic taste

What to monitor for Metronidazole

Teaching for Augmentin

Take with food

Teaching for Azithromycin

Take 1 or 2 hours before or after meals

Teaching for Cipro

Take on empty stomach, don’t take with calcium

Teaching for Bactrim

Take with glass of water and ensure adequate hydration.

Teaching for Metronidazole

Take with food, avoid alcohol