Thyroid Nodule Evaluation and Diagnostics

Flashcards covering the clinical presentation, biopsy criteria (FNA), cytological classifications, and imaging indications for thyroid nodules.

Midline nodule can be categoryied as _________,________ and _______(according to the location)

Thyroid nodule, Thyroglossal, Dermoid (beneathe the chin)

A __________ is a midline node swelling that moves upwards upon tongue protrusion.

Thyroglossal cyst

A thyroid nodule is a midline swelling that moves upon __________

swallowing

If hemorrhage into a thyroid nodule occurs, the patient may experience _______and a sudden __________ in size.

tenderness increase

The main goal of evaluation is to identify the small subgroup of individuals with __________ lesions.

malignant

FNA is indicated for a nodule with a high risk history if the size is _____________

>5cm

Biopsy is needed for all _____

abnormal cervical lymph node

For a spongiform nodule, a biopsy is indicated if the size is __________ $2\,cm$.

>

Biopsy is need for microcalcificational and solid nodule size

if the size is ">1 cm".

FNA is __________ for purely cystic nodules.

not indicated

High risk history includes head and neck irradiation, radiotherapy or radiation exposure as a child, and uptake on __________ positron emission tomography.

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose

High risk history markers include thyroid cancer in a first degree relative, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and elevated __________.

calcitonin

A Fine Needle Aspiration cytologic report may classify ?

a result as benign, malignant, atypical, ,ar or insufficient

Fine Needle Aspiration may have trouble diagnosing __________ cancer.

follicular

Indications for a CT scan include confirmed malignancy, compression symptoms, distant metastasis, and __________ goitre.

malignancy, compression symptoms, distant metastasis, and retrosternal goitre.

On a Technetium Isotope Scan, __________ nodules are often malignant.

cold

what is the syptoms for retrosternal Goitre?

Retrosternal goitre may cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, and neck swelling. It can also lead to compression of nearby structures, resulting in chest pain or cough.

what are the invetigations for retrosternal Goitre?

Common investigations include chest X-ray, CT scan, FNAC for supicious for malignancy

Pemberton sign

Pemberton sign is a clinical finding characterized by facial flushing and distention of neck veins when a patient raises their arms, indicating possible compression of the thoracic inlet by a retrosternal goitre.

What is the suspicious ultrasound features for thyroid nodules?

a solid composition, hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide shape, and punctate echogenic foci