CC1 Chapter 5 System Software

System Software

The operating system and utility programs that control a computer system and allow you to use your computer, Enables the boot process, launches applications, transfers files, controls hardware configuration, manages files on the hard drive, and protects from unauthorized use

Application Software

Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a computer

Operating System

A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer

File Management

Keeps track of stored files on computer so they can be retrieved when needed

Multitasking

The ability of an operating system to have more than one program (task) open at one time

Multithreading

The ability to rotate between multiple threads so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently

Thread

Sequence of instructions within a program thatis independent of other thread

Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing

Multiple processors (or multiple cores) are used in one computer system to perform work more efficiently – Tasks are performed sequentially

Memory Management

Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)

Buffer

Area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold data that is used by different hardware devices or programs

Buffering or Spooling

Placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed

Command Line Interface

Require users to input commands using the keyboard

Graphical User Interface

Graphics based interface – Used by most operating systems

Personal (Desktop) Operating Systems

Designed to be installed on a single computer

Server (Network) Operating Systems

Designed to be installed on a network server

DOS (Disk Operating System)

traditionally used a command-line interface – Dominant operating system in the 1980s and early 1990s

PC-DOS

Created originally for IBM microcomputers

MS-DOS

Created for use with IBM compatible computers

Windows

The predominant personal operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation

Windows NT (New Technology)

First 32-bit version of Windows designed for high - end workstations and servers, Replaced by Windows 2000

Windows XP

Replaced both Windows 2000 and Windows Me

Windows Vista

Replaced Windows XP – Introduced the Aero interface and Sidebar feature

Windows 7

Released in late 2009 Home Premium (primary version for home users)

Mac OS

Proprietary operating system for computers made by Apple Corporation – Based on the UNIX operating system – Originally set the standard for graphical user interfaces

UNIX

Operating system developed in the late 1960sfor midrange servers – Multiuser, multitasking operating system – More expensive, requires high level of technical knowledge; harder to install, maintain, and upgrade

Linux

Is open-source software; has been collaboratively modified by volunteer programmers all over the world – Originally used a command line interface, most recent versions use a GUI

ChromeOS

The first cloud operating system

Windows Phone

Version of Windows designed for smartphones

Windows RT

Designed for tablet use

Android

Linux-based operating system created with current mobile device capabilities in mind, Can create applications that take full advantage of all the features a mobile device has to offer

iOS

Designed for Apple Mobile phones and mobile devices, Supports multitasking

Search Tools

Designed to search for documents and other files on the user’s hard drive

Diagnostic and Disk Management Programs

Diagnostic programs evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any errors found

File Compression Programs

Reduce the size of files to optimize storage space and transmission time,Both zip and unzip files