BJU US History Chapter 1

Marco Polo

A famous European that visited China during the lifetime of Kublai Khan.

Compass

Important Innovation for the discovery of the New World: Enabled sailors to know which direction they were heading

Astrolabe

Important Innovation for the discovery of the New World: Enabled sailors to determine their ship's latitude on the ocean

Caravel

Important Innovation for the discovery of the New World: A Portuguese ship that sported 2 or 3 sails and was extremely maneuverable.

Mercantilism

An economic system that was designed to enhance the wealth and power of a nation.

1. Mercantilists believed a nation's wealth consisted of precious metals.

2. M's saw the world as winners and losers.

Bartolomeu Dias

First one to sail around Africa's southern cape, which he called Good Hope.

Vasco da Gama

The first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.

Christopher Colombus

An Italian sailor who believed he could find an all-water route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic, but actually landed in the Caribbean Islands, which he called "San Salvador". (First modern European to reach the Western Hemisphere)

Amerigo Vespucci

Florentine navigator who realized the discovery of a new continent and explored the coast of South America.

John Cabot

English explorer who claimed new-found land for England while looking for Northwest Passage.

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.

Martin Luther

-(1483-1546) German theologian who led the Protestant Reformation

-Wrote the 95 Theses

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. The movement was caused by Europe's rediscovery of biblical truth

John Calvin

(1509-1564) Geneva's most influential teacher and reformer.

Beringia

A land bridge over the Bering Strait that some historians believe once connected Russia and Alaska

Pueblo Indians

Indians that lived in small villages, caves or canyons. Had their "golden age" in 1000 AD but ended by lack of water and raids by Navajos and Apaches

Conquistadores

an Spanish adventurer (especially one who led the conquest of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century)

Mound Builders

The nickname for the Adena and Hopewell Indian cultures who built mounds to bury their dead in.

Eastern Woodlands Indians

Indian civilization that developed along the Atlantic coast (Probably the first Indian culture the settlers encountered).

Five Civilized Tribes

Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles (all in the Southeast)

Priesthood of all Believers

Believed you can pray to God directly and interpret the Scripture without the need for an intermediary priest

Hernando Cortés

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Montezuma

Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors

Francisco de Coronado

Commanded an expedition that left Mexico in 1540 to explore what would later be the southwestern United States

Juan Ponce de León

First to explore the Florida peninsula in 1513

St. Augustine

-Where Juan Ponce de Leon landed in 1513

-Mendez later established a settlement and named it after the Saint's Day (August 28)

Hernando De Soto

Discovered the Mississippi River

Philip II

(1527-1598) King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England.

Francis Drake

English privateer who led British fleet against the Spanish Armada.

Elizabeth I

-English ruler who approved the colonization of North America

-Blended Protestant beliefs and Catholic features in England

Sea Dogs

English sea captains that would plunder spanish ship; Hawkins, Raley, Drake

Spanish Armada

(1588) The Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power.

Walter Raleigh

Received a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to explore the American coastline. His ships landed on Roanoke, which became a "lost colony."

Roanoke Island

Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s

"Lost Colony"

Roanoke Island, a short lived colony who's fate has never been determined.

New France

The sparse French settlements in Canada

Henry Hudson

English navigator who discovered the Hudson River

New Netherland

-A colony founded by the Dutch in 1624

-It became New York.

Peter Stuyvesant

The last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland

New Sweden

-A colony founded in 1683

-Small colony along the Deleware River, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania

Peter Minuit

Dutch colonist who bought Manhattan from the Native Americans for the equivalent of $24