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human geography
study of spatial characteristics of humans (study of us)
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society.
culture
Shared practices, tech., attitudes, and behaviors that a society transmits from one generation to the next.
Globalization
the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
cartographer
Person who makes maps
Spatial perspective
A geographic perspective that seeks to identify and explain the uses of space
spatial patterns
The placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface; also includes the space between those objects
time-distance decay
the idea that near things are more related than distant things, and interaction between two places decreases the farther apart they are
Map scale
The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface. Ex; 1 inch on a map = 100,000 miles in real life
Isoline/Topographic map
lines on a map that show detailed elevation in mountains or ridges; 3D
Reference map
Map that shows geographic locations on Earth's surface, such as locations of cities or oceans or political boundaries/borders
thematic map
A type of map that displays one or more variables-such as population, or income level-within a specific area. Focuses on non-physical things
Cartogram map
A map in which the shape or size is distorted (bigger or smaller) in order to demonstrate a variable such as travel, population or economic production
Graduated map
A map with symbols that change in size according to the value of the attribute they represent.
Dot Distribution Map
A map where dots are used to demonstrate the frequency or intensity of a particular phenomena; dots can represent one object or a # of objects. Ex; population dot distribution of U.S. would show a lot more dots towards the East than the West
Choropleth Map
A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area.
Goode Homolosine Projection
a 20th century map of Earth with equal area of landmasses but interruptions of the oceans to more accurately represent a "flattened" sphere. Shaped like a W
Polars projection
Map with a view/perspective from either the North or South Pole
Mercator Projection
Map projection useful for navigation because the lines connecting points on the map represent true compass direction; landmasses become distorted further from the equator. (Greenland big)
Peters Projection
A map projection that shows all landmasses with their true areas but distorts their shapes; stretched out or squished near poles. (Greenland small)
Robinson Projection
A projection that maintains overall shapes and relative positions without extreme distortion. Shaped like an oval.
Census
A required count/survey of the population; age, sex, race, etc.
Absolute location
Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
GPS
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
GIS
A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data in layers.
Relative location
The position of a place or person in relation to another place or person
Cultural landscape
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. Ex; rome
time-space compression
Decreasing distance between places as measured by travel time or cost; summarized by the phrase "the world is shrinking". Improvements in transportation
Interdependence
Ties established between countries and regions in which over time collectively create a global economic system that is not necessarily based on equality
Expansion diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
Hierarchical diffusion
The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places; big to small
Reverse hierarchical diffusion
from a small town to large cities; small to big
Contagious diffusion
Ideas spread from person to person like a virus
Stimulus diffusion
Spread of ideas and traits from one society to another but is modified in the process to fit that society's culture
Relocation diffusion
When immigrants move to a new place and bring their culture and traits with them, spreading it to the new country
Friction of distance
Humans hate distance
Cultural ecology
the geographic study of human-environment relationships and how the environment effects with the ways of human life and culture
Nonrenewable resources
Resources on Earth that will eventually run out/be used up. Limited
Renewable resources
Resources on Earth that can eventually replenish itself, not limited
Environmental Determinism
Belief that the physical environment shapes human culture and behavior
Possiblism
The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
Global scale
Scale of the world
Regional scale analysis
Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a particular region
National scale analysis
Identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a specific country
Local scale analysis
Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a state or province, a city or town, or neighborhood
Global perspective
ability to see and understand how any situation impacts or relates to people around the world
region
A geographical unit based on one or more common characteristics or functions; such as culture or religion
Formal region
An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. Also has well-established political borders recognized by other countries
functional region
Geographic area that has been organized to function politically, socially, culturally, or economically as one unit
metropolitan area
a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it
perceptual regions
Geographic area that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based on the widespread acceptance and use of a unique regional name
Mental map
A representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.
Sense of place
How a person feels about a certain place and why it's important to them
Regional identity
The awareness of belonging to a group of people within a region
Note
Flashcard