PSYC3018: Mental Health Conditions - Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Flashcards about Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders

What is the conceptual definition of psychosis?

A break from reality and impaired reality testing.

List three disorders in which psychosis can be present.

Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Borderline personality disorder.

What are the two main categories of symptoms in psychosis?

Positive and Negative symptoms.

Define hallucinations.

A perception-like experience without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ.

What is the most common type of hallucination?

Auditory verbal hallucinations (hearing voices).

Define delusions.

Fixed beliefs that do not change when faced with conflicting evidence.

Give an example of a delusion.

Persecutory delusions, Delusions of reference, Grandiose delusions, Erotomanic delusions.

What is disorganized thinking?

Disturbance in logical sequencing and coherence of thought.

Describe disorganized behavior.

Problems with routine tasks, childlike behaviors, agitation, catatonia.

Give 4

examples 4 of negative symptoms

Reduced social interaction (asociality), Anhedonia, Reduced motivation (Avolition), Alogia, Reduced emotional expression.

List 6 cognitive symptoms related to psychotic disorders.

Language, Memory, Executive functioning, Attention, Processing speed, Social cognition.

How many specific psychotic disorders are listed in the DSM-5?

10

What are the diagnostic criteria (A) for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5?

Two or more of the following present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period: Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized speech, Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, Negative symptoms.

What is the minimum duration of continuous signs of disturbance required for a schizophrenia diagnosis (DSM-5 criteria C)?

At least 6 months

What are three possible factors of Schizophrenia?

Genetics, Brain, Environment

What is the approximate lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia?

0.3%-0.7%

What is the typical age of onset for schizophrenia?

Late teens to mid-30s

What is remission, in the context of psychosis?

Level of symptoms that does not interfere with behavior and below a diagnosis of schizophrenia for at least 6 months

What is recovery, in the context of psychosis?

Further improvement in social and functional dimensions, functional independence, maintaining satisfying relationships, being productive etc. Improvements for at least 2 years

What is the focus of current services regarding psychosis?

Early intervention to prevent progression.

What is the clinical staging model used for?

To represent the increasing symptom specificity and disability in mental health problems.

What is the focus of early intervention in the transdiagnostic clinical staging model?

Stages 0, 1a, 1b, and 2

What is the psychosis prodrome?

A sustained and clinically significant deviation from premorbid level of experience and behaviour

What is the CAARMS?

Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States - used for possible prodrome (at-risk mental state)

Give examples of a prodromal phase intervention.

Psycho-education CBT, Scheduling & monitoring activities

Give examples of an acute phase intervention

Pharmacological treatment, family group therapy, addressing: employment, education, housing, relationships and health

What are first-generation antipsychotics used to treat?

Positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions

Give an example of a first-generation antipsychotic side effect

dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia

What are second-generation antipsychotics effective for?

Positive AND negative symptoms

What should a clinical psychologist address during the chronic phase of psychosis?

Comorbidities (anxiety, mood), Practical aspects, Social aspects