English Semester 2 Exam Vocab

imagery

use of words that evokes a sensory experience by appealing to the 5 senses(taste, touch, smell, sound, sight)

personification

a description of an object, animal, place or idea in human terms

simile

an indirect comparison between 2 unlike things, containing the words like, as, as if, or than

metaphor

a direct comparison between 2 unlike things without the word like, as, as if, or than

consonance

repetition of consonant sounds within and at the end of words

alliteration

repetition of consonant(not vowel) sounds at the beginning of words

assonance

repetition of vowel sounds in words that don’t end in the same consonant

symbol

a person, place, object, or activity that stands for an idea that’s greater than itself(do not stand for objects)

sonnet characteristics

• 14 line poem

• rhyme scheme(a-b-a-b)

• last 2 lines are called a heroic couplet

• written in iambic pentameter

iamb

1 unstressed + 1 stressed syllable next to each other

meter

a regular pattern of rhythm

iambic pentameter

when there are 5 iambs in one line

villanelle

• 19 lines long

• has 5 stanzas of 3 lines each

• has 1 additional stanza of 4 lines

• line 1 is repeated at 6,12,18

• line 3 is repeated at 9,15,19

• has an a-b-a rhyme scheme

• the ideas circle round and round

heroic couplet

a pair of rhyming iambic pentameters

free verse

a form of poetry that does not follow a regular rhythm or rhyme

tone

the attitude an author takes toward a subject

sililoquy

• a speech given by a character alone on stage

• lets the audience knows the characters thoughts/feelings

theme

the main idea or underlying message that the author is trying to convey through the poem

rhyme scheme

a regular pattern of rhyme(we use alphabet letters to mark the rhyming sound)

phrase

a group of 2 or more words that lack a subject or a verb or both

clause

a group of 2 or more words that contains a subject and a verb

coordinating conjunctions(FANBOYS)

• For

• And

• Nor

• But

• Or

• Yet

• So

subordinating conjunctions

after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, even, even if, even though, how, if, if only, if then, if when, inasmuch, in order that, just as, lest, now since, now that, now when, once, provided, provided that, rather than, since, so that, supposing, that, though, ‘til, until, unless, what, whatever, when, whenever, where, whereas, where if, wherever, whether, which, while, who, whoever, why

dependent clause

contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought(cannot stand alone)

independent clause

a clause containing a subject, a verb, and a complete thought(can stand alone as a sentence)

simple sentence

a sentence that contains one independent clause

compound sentence

• independent clause, fanboys, independent clause

• independent clause; independent clause

complex sentence

• dependent clause, independent clause

• independent clause dependent clause

compound-complex sentence

at least 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause

thesis/claim

the central idea of an essay or paragraph usually presented in the intro paaragraph

plagiarism

taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as your own

active voice

when the subject in the sentence preforms the action expressed in the verb

parallel structure

the use of the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. this can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level

direct characterization

the author explicitly states the character’s physical traits and personality traits

indirect characterization

through the following, readers make inferences about a characters’ personalities