A&P Lab - quiz 4

Vocabulary flashcards covering the phases and key concepts of Mitosis, Meiosis, and the Cell Cycle from Unit 4.

Mitosis

The process of cell division in which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Cell Cycle

The sequence of growth and division phases a cell undergoes, including Interphase ($G_1$, S, $G_2$), Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and cellular arrest ($G_0$).

$G_1$ Phase

The phase of the cell cycle during which cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, are duplicated.

S Phase

The phase of the cell cycle during which each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell.

$G_2$ Phase

The phase of the cell cycle during which the cell double checks the duplicated chromosomes for errors and makes any needed repairs.

$G_0$ Phase

A phase representing cell cycle arrest, where the cell halts active division.

Prophase

The longest phase of mitosis ('before stage'), characterized by chromatin condensing into visible chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappearing, centrioles duplicating and moving to opposite poles, and spindle fibers forming.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis characterized by chromosomes aligning at the metaphase or equatorial plane, full breakdown of the nuclear membrane, and spindle fibers attaching to chromosome centrosomes.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis ('back stage') characterized by maximum chromosome condensation, separation of chromosomes toward opposite poles, far expansion of centrosomes, and cell elongation.

Telophase

The 'end stage' of mitosis where chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes unwind back to chromatin, and spindle fibers disappear.

Cytokinesis

The final stage of cell division that physically divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.

Mitosis Phases

The sequential progression of nuclear and cellular division comprising Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Meiosis

A special type of cell division in germ cells of sexually-reproducing organisms involving 2 rounds of division to produce 4 cells (gametes), each containing 1 copy of each chromosome.

Tetrads

Structures formed in Prophase I of Meiosis consisting of two pairs of sister chromatids.

Crossing-over

The exchange of genetic material between aligned tetrads during Metaphase I of Meiosis.

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid daughter cells ($2n$) through 1 division, while Meiosis produces 4 genetically varied haploid daughter cells ($n$) through 2 rounds of division.