Unit 2 AOS 1 Chapter 7 The Human Lifespan

fertilisation

the fusing of a sperm and an egg cell. Marks the beginning of pregnancy. Also known as conception

zygote

cell created when an ovum is fertilized by a sperm

how long does prenatal stage last?

from fertilization - 38 weeks

how long does infancy last?

birth - 2 years old

what are some characteristics of infancy?

rapid growth

development of motor skills

walking

using simple words

identify people

how long does childhood last?

2 years - 12 years approximately (when puberty starts)

what are the 2 stages of childhood?

early and late

when does each stage of childhood start and end?

2 - 6 early childhood

6 - 12 late childhood

what are some characteristics of early childhood?

slow steady growth

social skills to interact

toliet trained

what are some characteristics of late childhood?

slow steady growth

many social, physical, emotional and intellectual

refining reading and writing skills

long-term memory

forming friendships outside family unit

refining motor skills

how long does youth start?

12 - 18 year old, However stages of youth can differ across agencies.

what are characteristics of youth?

rapid growth

sexual maturity

intellectual development

transition period (all development aspects)

more sleep

what are the three types of adulthood?

early

middle

late

how long does each stage of adulthood last?

Early: 18 - 40 years old
Middle: 40 - 65 years old

Late: 65+

what are the characteristics of early adulthood

physical peak then a steady decline

maintenance and repair

main focus in this stage of life is career, life partner and kids.

what are the characteristics of middle adulthood

stability in work and relationships

further development of identity

physical signs of aging

what are the characteristics of late adulthood

change of lifestyle

retirement

greater participation in leisure activities

physical development

changes to the body and its systems. These can be changes in size, complexity and motor skills.

what are the aspects of physical development?

growth

changes to the body’s systems

motor skill development

gross motor skills

the coordination of large muscle groups, such as arms and legs

fine motor skills

the coordination of small muscle groups, such as those in the hands.

what are some physical changes as youth transition to adulthood?

growth plates in bones fuse

sexual maturity (primary and secondary sex characteristics)

changes in body composition and structure

social development

the increasing complexity of behavior patterns used in relationships with other people

what are the aspects of social development?

behaviors

social roles

relationship skills

communication skills

what are some social changes as youth transition to adulthood

increased independence

complex social roles (employee, partner, etc.)

peer influence

development of communication skills

intimate relationships

emotional development

relates to experiencing the full range of emotions, and increasing complexity relating to the expression of emotions, the development of a self-concept and resilience

resilience

the ability to effectively deal with adverse or negative events that occur throughout life

what are the aspects of emotional development?

developing self concept

full range of emotions

learning appropriate way of expressing and communicating emotions

resilience

what are some emotional changes as youth transition to adulthood

self-concept development

emotional independence

range of emotions

emotional regulation

resilience building

intellectual development

the increase in complexity of processes in the brain, such as thought, knowledge and memory

what are the aspects of intellectual development?

knowledge and memory

language

thought patterns and problem solving

creativity and imagination

attention

concrete thought

a simple thought process that focuses on the object and physical environment

abstract thought

a complex process where ideas are the focus rather than tangible objects

what are some intellectual changes as youth transition to adulthood?

Cognitive Development

Memory Enhancement

Language Skills

Emotional and Social maturity

Creativity and Imagination

More Risk-taking behaviour

factors influencing perceptions of lifespan stages

past experiences

a person’s values and beliefs

politics

other peoples opinions

a persons experiences

media

perceptions of the image of youth (positive and negative) ?

youth are positive, ambitious, hardworking and happy

however youth are frightening, lazy and selfish

perceptions of the social context of youth (positive and negative) ?

youth have many opportunities and are fortunate to live during this time

however youth are devalued, victimized or neglected

perception

beliefs or opinions based on how things seem

perceptions of adults

complain a lot

bad drivers

stubborn to change