chem unit 3 - heat, matter, and energy

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Tf = 1.8(Tc) + 32

Celsius to Kelvin

Tk = Tc + 273

how many joules is 1 calorie

4.184 J

what is Specific Heat?

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of exactly 1 g of a substance by exactly 1 °C.

how much energy is in 1 Cal (capital C)

1 kcal or 1000 calories.

calorie (cal)

The amount of heat energy that raises the temperature of exactly 1 g of water by exactly 1 °C

chemical change

A change during which the original substance is converted into a new substance that has a different composition and new physical and chemical properties

chemical properties

The properties that indicate the ability of a substance to change into a new substance.These properties include reactivity, flammability, and acidity.

compound

A pure substance consisting of two or more elements, with a definite composition, that can be broken down into simpler substances only by chemical methods.

element

A pure substance containing only one type of matter, which cannot be broken down by chemical methods.

energy

the ability to do work

energy value

The kilocalories (or kilojoules) obtained per gram of the food types: carbohydrate, fat, and protein.

gas

A state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume.

heat

The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance.

heat equation

A relationship that calculates heat (q) given the mass, specific heat, and temperature change for a substance.

joule (J)

The SI unit of heat energy; 4.284J = 1cal

kinetic energy

the energy of moving particles

liquid

A state of matter that takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume.

matter

The material that makes up a substance and has mass and occupies space.

mixture

The physical combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

physical change

A change in which the physical properties of a substance change but its identity stays the same.

physical properties

The properties that can be observed or measured without affecting the identity of a substance.

potential energy

A type of energy related to position or composition of a substance.

pure substance

a type of matter that has a definite composition

solid

A state of matter that has its own shape and volume.

specific heat (SH)

A quantity of heat that changes the temperature of exactly 1 g of a substance by exactly 1 °C.

states of matter

Three forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

1 cal = _____J

4.184J

1 kcal = ____ cal

1000

1kJ = ______

1000J

specific heat (SH) equation

SH = q/m T = cal (or J)/g * C

heat equation (The quantity of heat absorbed or lost by a substance is calculated using the heat equation)

q = m * T * SH