Physics Paper 1

Name the 8 energy stores

Kinetic, elastic, gravitational potential, chemical, thermal, nuclear, electrostatic, magnetic?

Name the 4 ways in which energy can be transferred

Radiation, mechanical, heating, electrical

What is a system?

An object or a group of objects

What is a closed system?

Where no energy escapes

What is work done?

It’s the amount of energy when a force is applied

What is the units for energy, power, current, potential difference and resistance?

Joules, Watts, Amps, Volts, ohms

Describe the energy transfer when a moving car is slowing down

The kinetic store decreases and through the mechanical pathway, the thermal store increases

describe the energy transfer when an electric kettle is used to heat water

(Check again)

The electrostatic store decreases and through the mechanical pathway, the thermal store increases

Name the unit that represents one joule transferred per second

Watts

What does a material’s thermal conductivity tell you?

How fast heat can pass through

What materials have low thermal conductivity?

Insulators

What factors affect the rate of heat loss from a building?

thickness, thermal conductivity

What is a renewal and non-renewal energy resource

An energy resource which can (not) be replenished as fast as it’s used

Describe the energy transfer when a battery powered toy car is used

Chem store decrease, mechanical pathway, kinetic and thermal store increase

What are the main renewable and non-renewable resources on earth?

Renewable: wind, solar, tidal, hydroelectric, geothermal,

Non-renewable: coal, oil, gas

List the main advantages and disadvantages of using coal

Adv: Cheap, easy to source, reliable

Dis: non-renewable & produces sulphur dioxide = acid rain, sourcing destroys habitats

List the main advantages and disadvantages of using solar

Adv: renewable, doesn’t produce carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas)

Dis: very expensive to set up and maintain, destroys habitats and sceneries

Why is the current provide by a cell called a direct current

It goes in only one direction/ it doesn’t rotate

What kind of current is supplied by the mains electricity? What is the frequency and p.d. of it?

• alternating

• Frequency = 50 Hz, p.d. = 230Hz

What colours are the live, neutral, and earth wire?

Live = brown

Neutral = blue

Earth = green and yellow

What is the function of the live wire?

It carries the potential difference

What is the function of the neutral wire?

It completes the circuit

What is the function of the earth wire?

It’s a safety wire = carries the high p.d. / current to earth

What is the national grid?

It’s a network of pilons, transformers and cables (DONT mention power stations)

What are step up transformers? What are step down transformers?

• they increase the voltage and decrease the current (= less resistance = less heat lost during transmission = less energy lost = more efficient)

• They rescue the voltage (to make it safe to be used in homes)

What is electric current?

The flow of charge

what two things does energy transfer to an appliance depend on

power (volt and current together), time

what 2 components are needed to make electricty from any non renewable resource

generator and turbine

what are the main features of a parallel circuit

• same pd/ voltage stay same

• current split

• split pathway

what is radioactivity?

the rate at which unstable nuclei decays

what unit is use measure the activity of a radioactive source

becauerls or sieverts

what is count rate

number of decays per second

what is meant by the half life of a radioactive source

half the time it takes for a nuclei to decay

what is irratiation

an object exposed to radiation

what is radioactive contamnation

radiation inside an object or material

name the instrument used to measure radioactive decay

geiger counter

is weight scalar or vector quantity

vector

what is the gravitational field strength of earth

9.81 N/Kg

what is newtons third law

every force that is an equal and opposite force

what does inelastic deformation mean

it doesnt return to its original shape

what is the speed of sound

330 m/s

list all the factors that affect braking distance

mass, tyres, speed, weather, conditions of road

what is the difference between distance and displacement

• distance = total area travelled (magnitude)

• displacement = total area travelled back to original origin (magnitude + direction)

what are the three type of nuclear radiation

alpha, beta, gamma

what is gamma radiation

a wave (electromagnetic spectrum)

which type of nuclear radiation is the most ionising

alpha

what is the range in air of alpha, beta and gamma radiation

• alpha = paper and skin

• beta = metal/aluminium

• gamma = thick concrete and lead