Arteries of head and neck II

What is in the investing layer?

SCM and trapezius

What is in the superficial fascia?

Platysma

What is in the pretracheal layer/buccopharyngeal?

Thyroid, trachea, esophagus

What does the IJV and CNX enter the skull through?

Jugular foramen

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

Anterior belly digastric, posterior belly digastric, inferior border of mandible

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

Anterior midline of the neck, anterior border of SCM, inferior border of mandible

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

Clavicle, posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius

What can be found in the submandibular triangle?

Submandibular gland, anterior jugular v.

What can be found in the carotid triangle?

CCA, ICA, ECA, IJV

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

Superior belly of omohyoid, stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric, and anterior border of SCM

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

Hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid and SCM, and midline of neck

What can be found in the muscular triangle?

Viscera

What side has a brachiocephalic trunk?

Right

What are the branches of subclavian (medial -> lateral) before it becomes the axillary a.?

Vertebral a., thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a., costocervical trunk, dorsal scapular a.

What are the main branches off the thyrocervical trunk (inferior -> superior)?

Suprascapular a., transverse cervical a., and inferior thyroid a.

What does the suprascapular a. off the thyrocervical trunk provide blood to?

SCM and infraspinatus mm.

What does the transverse cervical a. off the thyrocervical trunk provide blood to?

Deep branch deep to rhomboid mm and superficial branch to deep surface of trapezius

What are the branches off the inferior thyroid a. (thyrocervical trunk) and where does it provide blood to?

Esophageal branches, ascending cervical a. to prevertebral mm and spinal cord, and inferior laryngeal a. (anastamoses with superior thyroid a.)

What are the main branches off the costocervical trunk?

Deep cervical a. and supreme intercostal a.

What does the deep cervical a. off the costocervical trunk provide to?

Post neck mm.

What artery does the deep cervical a. off the costocervical trunk anastamose with?

Descending branch of the occipital a. (ECA)

What does the supreme intercostal a. off the costocervical trunk provide blood to?

First 2 intercostal spaces

What does the internal thoracic a. off the subclavian a. supply blood to?

Anterior thoracic wall (anastamosis with iliac a.)

What is the carotid sinus?

Neurovascular structure that appears as a dilation of the ICA at the bifurcation of the CCA that contains stretch receptors (baroreceptors) that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

What does more stretch of the carotid sinus indicate?

High blood pressure

What does less stretch of the carotid sinus indicate?

Low blood pressure

What n. relays information from the carotid sinus to the brainstem?

CN IX (Glosspharyngeal)

What is the carotid body?

Oval structure posterior to the carotid bifircation involved in relaying information about the chemical composition of blood to the brainstem.

What n. relays information from the carotid body to the brainstem?

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

If the _____________ senses low oxygen in blood a signal will trigger the brain to ____________ the rate of respiration?

Carotid body; Increase

Does the ICA have branches in the neck?

No

Describe the path the superior thyroid a. travels.

Arises from the anterior surface near the bifurcation. Passes down and forwards to reach the superior pole of the thyroid.

What does the superior thyroid a. provide blood to?

Thyroid gland, internal structures of larynx, thyrohyoid and cricothyroid mm, SCM

What are the branches off the superior thyroid a.?

Glandular, Infrahyoid, SCM, Superior laryngeal a., Cricothyroid branch

What is the superior laryngeal a.?

Branch of the superior thyroid a. that pierces the thyrohyoid membrane to supply the upper larynx.

What does the inferior laryngeal a. anastamose with?

Superior laryngeal a.

What is the inferior laryngeal a. a branch of?

Inferior thyroid a. from the thyrocervical trunk from subclavian.

Describe the path the ascending pharyngeal a. travels.

Arises from the posterior surface of the ECA ascends between the ICA and pharynx.

What does the ascending pharyngeal a. provide blood to?

Pharyngeal contractors, stylopharyngeus m., palate and tonsils, pharyngotympanic tube, meninges in posterior cranial fossa

What are the branches of the ascending pharyngeal a.?

Pharyngeal branches, inferior tympanic a., meningeal branches