Canine pt. 1

What is an intact male dog called

stud

what is the term for canine birthing

whelping

What characterizes the neonatal stage (0-10 days)

• eyelids and ear canals closed

• helpless

• can suckle

• scoot

• paddle

• fully dependent on mom

What happens in the infant stage (11 days-3 weeks)

• begin to see and hear

• move more

• deworming starts early (often born with worms)

What happens during the socialization period in 3-12 weeks

• socialize

• baby teeth

• chewing

• vet visits

• vaccinate

• training starts

What is the “fear period'“

occurs 8-12 weeks, negative experiences may lead to long-term anxiety

What happens during the juvenile stage (6-14 months)

Physical development; possible fear periods

what happens during adolescence stage (puberty to social maturity)?

breed-specific timing for puberty and full maturity

what is the term for removing testes

neuter or castration

what is the term for removing ovaries and uterus

spay or ovariohysterectomy

benefits of spaying/neutering

prevents pregnancy, reduces risk of reproductive cancers

risks of early neutering

higher risks for hip/elbow dysplasia, CCL tears, and certain cancers

what is the recommended timing for spay/neuter

delay to 1-2 years, depending on breed and size

What is the typical age of puberty in dogs

4-9 months up to 2 years (breed-dependent)

What type of estrous cycle do dogs have

non-seasonal, monoestrous

what is the average time between estrous cycles

4-13 months

What are the stages of the canine estrous cycle

proestrus, estrus, diestrus, anestrus

how long does proestrus last

9 days

how long does diestrus last

2 months

how long does anestrus last

3-5 months

What happens to a dog during proestrus

• spotting

• enlarged vulva

• attracts males but won’t mate

• high estrogen

what happens to a dog during estrus

• pink/clear discharge

• will mate

• estrogen drops

• progesterone rises

What happens during diestrus

• won’t mate

• little to no discharge

• progesterone peaks then drops

• prolactin rises

what happens during anestrus

• inactive phase

• no behavioral signs

• low hormone levels

How long are dogs pregnant

about 63 days

what are the signs of labor

nesting, restless, contractions

How long is gestation from LH peak

65 ± 1 days

How many hours prior does the signs of whelping preparation

6-24 hours

What happens during stage 2 of labor

active delivery with uterine and abdominal contractions

what happens during stage 3 of labor

placenta delivery, after each puppy or every 2-3

What are the signs of dystocia

• It takes more than 30 minutes to deliver a puppy

• more than 1 hour of delivery between puppies

• mom is distressed

• green/bloody discharge

treatments for dystocia

c-section, puppy resuscitation

what does puppy resuscitation include

warmth, oxygen, airway support

When do most puppy deaths occur

within the first 3 days

key aspects of newborn care

keep warm, tie/dip umbilicus, check for defects, ensure nursing, weigh, collar

how much weight should a puppy gain

should double birth weight in 10 days

why is colostrum important

provides immunoglobulin

How much immunoglobulin do puppies get from their placenta

about 10%

What are the core vaccines for dogs

DA2LPP (or DHLPP) and Rabies

How is rabies transmitted

through saliva/bites, it is zoonotic

What are the symptoms of rabies

anxiety, difficulty swallowing, paralysis, death

Is there treatment for rabies

no treatment, but you must prevent it with vaccination

what are two important ID methods for dogs

rabies tag and microchip