All of AP World (champa rice)

What it says on the tin: a quizlet from every single ap world unit (quizlets are not mine!)

Age of Fossil Fuels

Twentieth-century shift in energy production with increased use of coal and oil, resulting in the widespread availability of electricity and the internal combustion engine; a major source of the greenhouse gases that drive climate change.

Economic Globalization

The deepening economic entanglement of the world's peoples, especially since 1950; accompanied by the spread of industrialization in the Global South and extraordinary economic growth following World War II; the process has also generated various forms of inequality and resistance as well as increasing living standards for many.

Bretton Woods System

Name for the agreements and institutions (including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) set up in 1944 to regulate commercial and financial dealings among the major capitalist countries.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An international body representing 149 nations and charged with negotiating the rules for global commerce and promoting free trade; its meetings have been the site of major anti-globalization protests since 1999.

Consumerism

A culture of leisure and consumption that developed during the past century or so in tandem with global economic growth and an enlarged middle class; emerged first in the Western world and later elsewhere.

Service Sector

Industries like government, medicine, education, finance, and communication that have grown due to increasing consumerism, population, and communication technologies.

one-child family policy (China)

Chinese policy of population control that lasted from 1980 to 2014; used financial incentives and penalties to promote birth control, sterilization, and abortions in an effort to limit most families to a single child.

Second Wave Feminism

Women's rights movement that revived in the 1960s with a different agenda than earlier women's suffrage movements; second-wave feminists demanded equal rights for women in employment and education, women's right to control their own bodies, and the end of patriarchal domination.

Population Explosion

An extraordinarily rapid growth in human population during the twentieth century that quadrupled human numbers in little more than a century. Experienced primarily in the Global South.

Global South

A term now often used instead of "Third World" to designate the less developed countries located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere.

Global Urbanization

The explosive growth of cities after 1900, caused by the reduced need for rural labor and more opportunities for employment in manufacturing, commerce, government, and the service industry.

Anthropocene Era

A recently coined term denoting the "age of man," in general since the Industrial Revolution and more specifically since the mid-twentieth century. It refers to the unprecedented and enduring impact of human activity on the atmosphere, the geosphere, and the biosphere.

Holocene Era

A warmer and often a wetter period that began approximately 12,000 years ago following the end of the last ice age. These environmental conditions were uniquely favorable for human thriving and enabled the development of agriculture, significant population growth, and the creation of complex civilizations.

Communication Revolution

Modern transformation of communication technology, from the nineteenth-century telegraph to the present-day smart phone.

Asian Tigers

Nickname for the East Asian countries of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, which experienced remarkable export-driven economic growth in the late twentieth century.

Transnational Corporations

Global businesses that produce goods or deliver services simultaneously in many countries; growing in number since the 1960s, some have more assets and power than many countries.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Free trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada, established in 1984.

Replaced by the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) on July 1, 2020

Export Processing Zone

Areas where international companies can operate with tax and other benefits, offered as an incentive to attract manufacturers.

Informal Economy

Also known as the "shadow" economy; refers to unofficial, unregulated, and untaxed economic activity.

Women's Department

A distinctive organization, known as Zhenotdel, within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that worked to promote equality for women in the 1920s with conferences, publications, and education.

Feminism in the Global South

Mobilization of women across Asia, Africa, and Latin America; distinct from Western feminism because of its focus on issues such as colonialism, racism, and poverty, rather than those exclusively related to gender.

Green Revolution

Innovations in agriculture during the twentieth century, such as mechanical harvesters, chemical fertilizers, and the development of high-yielding crops, that enabled global food production to keep up with, and even exceed, growing human numbers.

Megacities

Very large urban centers with populations of over 10 million; by 2017, there were thirty-seven such cities on five continents.

HIV / AIDS

A pathogen that spreads primarily through sexual contact, contaminated blood products, or the sharing of needles; after sparking a global pandemic in the 1980s, it spread rapidly across the globe and caused tens of millions of deaths.

Religious Fundamentalism

Occurring within all the major world religions, fundamentalism is a self-proclaimed return to the alleged "fundamentals" of a religion and is marked by a militant piety, exclusivism, and a sense of threat from the modern secular world.

Islamic Radicalism

Movements that promote strict adherence to the Quran and the sharia, often in opposition to key elements of Western culture. Particularly prominent since the 1970s, such movements often present themselves as returning to an earlier expression of Islam. Examples include the Iranian revolution, Taliban, al-Qaeda, and Islamic State.

Climate Change

The warming of the planet largely caused by higher concentrations of "greenhouse gases," generated by the burning of fossil fuels. It has become the most pressing environmental issue of the early twenty-first century.

Paris Climate Agreement

An international agreement negotiated in 2015 among some 195 countries, 700 cities, and many companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions sufficiently to avoid a 2C increase in global temperatures. The United States withdrew from the agreement in 2017.

Influenza Pandemic of 1918

worldwide spread of the influenza disease that killed between 50-100 million people towards the end of WWI, including troops and civilians, making it the first super virus to spread around the world since the plague of the 14th century

Cultural Globalization

The interconnected nature of culture through meetings and the influence of cultures on one another

second wave environmentalism

A movement that began in the 1960s and triggered environmental movements in Europe and North America. It was characterized by widespread grassroots involvement focused on issues such as pollution, resource depletion, protection of wildlife habitats, and nuclear power.

Russian Revolution

Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism.

Bolsheviks

A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.

Communists

people who favor the equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms.

The Three People's Principles

Sun Yat-sen's policies 1. nationalism 2. democracy 3. people's livelihood

Young Turks

group of young reformers who advocated for Turkification (making all citizens of their multiethnic empire identify with Turkish culture)

Mustafa Kemal

leader of the Turkish nationalists who fought for self determination (the right to govern themselves), beat the British & became the first President of the Republic of Turkey

Porfirio Diaz

Mexican dictator, allowed foreigners control over his country's resources (1% of people control 97% of the land), Mexican Revolution

Mexican Revolution

Diaz's Government vs Francisco Madero (opposed government)

"Pancho" Villa

commander of Madero's troops

Emiliano Zapata

began redistributing land to the peasants

PRI

political party that was criticized for being very corrupt, Mexico had a PRI president from 1920-2000

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Alliances

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

Imperialism

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Self-Determination

The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

Consequences of the Great War

-Treaty of Versailles

-New nations formed

-Some angered by treaty (Germany)

-Led to the beginning of the END of colonialism

Conscription

A military draft

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Technologies of WW1

Trench warfare, poison gas, submarines, machine guns, airplanes, tanks

U-boats

German submarines used in World War I

Zimmermann Telegram

This was sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States. Intercepted by the US in 1917.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Global War

a war that involves most of the principle nations of the world

Gallipoli

Peninsula in Turkey, heavy Allied effort to get supplies to Russian ally during WW1, Allies failed

Women in WW1

Most women were not allowed to vote or participate in the war, but many worked in factories, farms, hospitals

Paris Peace Conference

1919 Peace Conference - meeting of the Allies at the end of WWI, concluded with the Treaty of Versailles

Big Four

Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)

14 Points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars.

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

Treaty of Versailles

Imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

Weimar Republic

German republic founded after WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.

Great Depression

Economic crisis beginning with the US stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Keynesian Economics

Economic theory stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

New Deal

US President FDR's Plan out the Great Depression

1. RELIEF for those financially suffering

2. RECOVERY to bring the nation out of the depression

3. REFORM to change government policies to avoid this in the future

Russian Civil War

conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. Red vs. White Army.

NEP

New Economic Policy by Lenin, reintroduced private trade, some economic liberties, maintained strict political control (mildly successful)

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition

Five Year Plan

Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Totalitarian State

country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people

Mussolini

founded fascism in Italy as a dictator, dreamed of building Italy into a great empire, but he led his nation to defeat in World War II and was executed by his own people.

Spanish Civil War

civil war in Spain in which General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government

Francisco Franco

Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini

Hypernationalism

Extreme nationalism, the belief in the superiority of one's nation and of the paramount importance of advancing it.

Decolonization

the action of changing from colonial to independent status

Mandate System

The plan to allow Britain and France to administer former Ottoman territories, put into place after the end of the First World War.

Pan-Arabism

movement in which Arabs sought to unite all Arabs into one state

Balfour Declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as a homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

Indian National Congress

group formed by Hindu nationalist leaders of India in the late 1800's to gain greater democracy and eventual self-rule

Massacre at Amritsar

Indian WW1 protesters, who were shot by British army, radicalized many Indians towards independence

Mohandas Gandhi

The Indian leader who used nonviolent methods to seek independence from Great Britain.

Civil disobedience

peacefully disobeying a law that seems unjust

Salt March

Gandhi led a march over 240 miles to protest the British monopoly on salt in India

Two-State Solution

the idea to split India (heavily Hindu) & Pakistan (heavily Muslim). Many leaders, like Gandhi, didn't think this was a great approach

May 4th Movement

A protest against British Imperialism in China led by students

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Long March

A 6,000-mile journey made in 1934-1935 by Chinese Communists fleeing from Jiang Jieshi's Nationalist forces