The Road to the American Revolution: Chapter 4 (p. 180-201)

APUSH CHAPTER 4

Patriots v. Loyalists

rebelling against GB vs. loyal to GB

Traitors v. Tories

George Washington's men, patriots + colonist who supported GB, Tories

Boston Massacre

during a protest a GB fired and other followed, 13 colonists were wounded + 9 soldiers were arrested, impacted trade

Sons of Liberty

“No Taxation with Representation in Parliament"

Gaspee Incident (1772)

RI set a GB ship on fire, GB threatened to bring them to England for trial, LED TO Committees of Correspondence

Committee of Correspondence

secret organization of colonial protesters, unified

Boston Tea Party (1773)

patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded 3 ships + dumped 342 chests of T, closed port until T was paid back damaging economy

Virginia House of Burgesses

asserting rights + challenged GB acts; exp. Virginia Resolves in response to the Stamp Act of 1765 + calling for a Continental Congress

The First Continental Congress (1774) (12 of 13 colonies attended)

In PA responding to British Coercive Acts, initiated coordinated resistance, boycotting + petition to King George 3

Second Continental Congress (1775) (all 13 present)

In PA after Battle of Lexington and Concord, started armed resistance, worked as central government in American Revolution

Olive Branch Petition

petition sent by the 2nd Continental Congress in hopes of avoiding war, rejected by King George 3 said colonies were in rebellion

Declaration of Independence (1776)

signers could be hanged,

Lee’s Resolution

presented in 2nd Continental Congress, declaring the colonies free, seeking foreign alliances, and creating a plan for confederation

Lexington and Concord (April 1775)

GB armies sent to seize military control in Concord, Ride of Paul Revere warned colonists, fought in Lexington then Concord, colonists won

Battle of Bunker Hill

1st major battle of revolution, GB won BUT suffered many casualties

Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge

GB started invade S, patriots damaged and greased bridge leading to victory, patriots controlled NC

General Thomas Gage

British commander + Governor of Massachusetts to enforce coercive acts, led to 1st shots at Lexington + Concord, closed Boston Port, dissolved colonial government

Patrick Henry

gave “Liberty or Death” speech, part of VA resolve against Stamp Act, advocated led to creation of Bill of Rights

Samuel Adams

signed Declaration of Independence, part of Sons of Liberty + the Boston Massacre + Committees of Correspondence + Boston Tea Party

John and Abigail Adams

HE was part of Continental Congress + SHE was a leader in Women's Rights, sent letters of partnership built on mutual respect and shared political passion

Thomas Jefferson

3rd PREZ, known for political writing and activism, one of main writers of Declaration of Independence (religious freedom and abolishing aristocratic laws), part of Virginia's House of Burgesses + help set up VA state government

King George III

after period of salutary, refused compromise with colonies

General George Washington

1st PREZ, known as a military leader, French + Indian War + Commander in Chief of Continental Army, VA politician + opposed GB polices -> delegate of Continental Congress

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

language was easy to follow + augmented against monarchy for a republic -> helped undecided colonist to fight for independence

General George Howe

GB, killed during French + Indian War, older brother to General WILLIAM Howe who fought in American Revolution