How Computers Work + Important Hardware

What are the four main core computer functions that make human interaction possible?

Input, Processing, Storage (or Memory) , and Output.

What is “input”?

The computer receives data, through interaction with physical sensors (or devices) such as a keyboard or mouse, for processing.

Information must be translated to what language for a computer to understand?

Machine language or binary code (0s and 1s).

What is “processing”?

When the CPU interprets and manipulates input data, then executes instructions for output.

Why is CPU referred to as “the brain” of the computer?

It interprets and executes programming instructions, controlling all components between hardware and software.

What is the primary function Control Unit (CU)?

It regulates operations within the CPU by receiving information from software and directing that data to the relevant hardware.

What are some functions of the Control Unit (CU)?

The Control Unit (CU) determines where instructions will go for processing, sends timing signals for synched operations, and manages memory operations.

What does Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) refer to in a computer?

The fundamental building block of CPU responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations.

What are some examples operations that the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) completes?

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) completes operations such as addition, subtraction, and comparisons.

How is Register defined?

A type of volatile memory that stores temporary data, such as addresses, and provides CPU with rapid access to currently needed data. Also known as Immediate Access Store.

What is Memory?

A system used to store computer-based data temporarily or permanently.

What role does Random Access Memory (RAM) play in a computer?

High-speed, primary memory that is used to store and access temporary information on a computer.

What is the purpose of a Hard Disk?

Also known as Hard Drive, is responsible for long-term storage of data and will retain that data after the computer is shut down.

Define Buses in computing?

A bundle of wires, each with a specific job (e.g, carrying data, addresses, control signals), that transfer electrical signals in paralle or in serial.

What role do Data Buses play in data transmission?

They are bidirectional channels that carry data to and from the processor and other components.

What is the function of an Address Bus in computer memory?

A unidirectional channel that carries a specific address in memory.

What purpose do Control Buses serve in computer operations?

A unidirectional channel that carries control signs from the Control Unit to other components and handles clock signals for signals for synched operations.

How would you describe Output?

The information that is returned to a device (e.g, screen, printer, speakers) after the CPU finishes processing data instructions.

What is the function of a Mainboard?

A printed circuit board (PCB) that houses important hardware via ports, allowing communication. Also known as the Motherboard.

What is the purpose of Ports in computer hardware?

An outlet that connects external devices to a computer and enables communication for Input/Output (IO) devices.