Biological Evolution and Phylogenetics

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to biological evolution and phylogenetic analysis, emphasizing naming conventions, selection processes, anatomical features, and classification methodologies.

Linnaean system

A system of naming organisms that reflects their evolutionary relationships.

Artificial selection

The process by which humans select desirable traits in organisms for breeding.

Phylogenetic tree

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among various biological species based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Homologous features

Traits that are shared among organisms due to a common ancestor.

Fossorial

Organisms that live underground, often exhibiting adaptations such as reduced or absent eyes.

Parsimony

The principle that suggests the simplest explanation with the least number of evolutionary changes is usually correct.

Out group

A species or group used as a reference point for comparison with the in-group in a phylogenetic analysis.

In group

The group of organisms being studied in a phylogenetic analysis.

Synapsid skull

A type of skull structure in mammals characterized by a single temporal fenestra.

Uric acid

A waste product that appears as white, pasty substance in the excretions of birds and some reptiles.