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Memory
The process of retaining and retrieving past experiences.
Encoding
Transforming sensory input into a memory trace.
Storage
Retaining encoded information.
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when needed.
Recall
Reproducing information from memory.
Recognition
Identifying previously learned information.
Explicit Memory
Conscious recall of facts/events.
Implicit Memory
Unconscious recall, such as skills and habits.
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
A model of memory that includes sensory store, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Lasts seconds to minutes with a capacity of 7 ± 2 items.
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Permanent storage of information.
Permastore
Extremely durable knowledge, like language and math.
Levels-of-Processing Model
Memory is based on the depth of encoding: shallow, phonological, and deep processing.
Self-Reference Effect
Deeper recall when relating information to oneself.
Working Memory
An active mental workspace for processing information.
Articulatory Suppression
Repeating irrelevant sounds disrupts memory.
Connectionist Model
Memory stored as a network of connections between neurons.
Exceptional Memory
Individuals with extraordinary recall, often linked to synesthesia.
Amnesia
Loss of memory, categorized into retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of past memories.
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to form new memories.
Alzheimer's Disease
Progressive memory loss due to brain atrophy.
Cerebellum
Part of the brain involved in classical conditioning and cognitive tasks.
