4th Lecture_ Memory I – Models and Research Methods

Memory

The process of retaining and retrieving past experiences.

Encoding

Transforming sensory input into a memory trace.

Storage

Retaining encoded information.

Retrieval

Accessing stored information when needed.

Recall

Reproducing information from memory.

Recognition

Identifying previously learned information.

Explicit Memory

Conscious recall of facts/events.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious recall, such as skills and habits.

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A model of memory that includes sensory store, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Lasts seconds to minutes with a capacity of 7 ± 2 items.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Permanent storage of information.

Permastore

Extremely durable knowledge, like language and math.

Levels-of-Processing Model

Memory is based on the depth of encoding: shallow, phonological, and deep processing.

Self-Reference Effect

Deeper recall when relating information to oneself.

Working Memory

An active mental workspace for processing information.

Articulatory Suppression

Repeating irrelevant sounds disrupts memory.

Connectionist Model

Memory stored as a network of connections between neurons.

Exceptional Memory

Individuals with extraordinary recall, often linked to synesthesia.

Amnesia

Loss of memory, categorized into retrograde and anterograde.

Retrograde Amnesia

Loss of past memories.

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories.

Alzheimer's Disease

Progressive memory loss due to brain atrophy.

Cerebellum

Part of the brain involved in classical conditioning and cognitive tasks.