Module 9: Chapter 13: Galatians (pp. 220–227)

North/South Galatian theories

Concern the geographic audience of Paul’s letter. The North Galatian theory suggests Paul wrote to ethnic Galatians in north-central Asia Minor, while the South Galatian theory argues he addressed churches in the Roman province of Galatia, where he had previously ministered.

Judaizers

Were Jewish Christians who insisted that Gentile converts must follow Jewish laws—especially circumcision—to be truly saved. Paul opposed them for undermining the gospel of grace.

“anathema” (accursed)

Paul applies the word ________ to anyone—including angels—who preach a gospel contrary to the one he originally delivered. This strong condemnation reflects the seriousness of the theological distortion in Galatia.

“faith”

In Galatians, ________ functions as the means by which believers are justified before God. Paul emphasizes that righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ, not through legal observance.

“works”

The term ______ refers to ____ of the Law, such as circumcision, dietary rules, and ritual observance. Paul argues these cannot justify a person before God.

On what basis was Abraham granted “righteousness”?

Abraham, not by works. Paul uses this to show that faith precedes the Law and is the true path to justification.

What was true of those who sought righteousness through the Law/Mosaic Covenant?

Those who sought righteousness through the ___________ were under a curse, because perfect obedience is impossible. Paul teaches that the ____ reveals sin but cannot save.

According to Paul, what was the Law NOT intended to do?

To give life or righteousness. Instead, it served as a temporary guardian until Christ came.

According to Paul, why should the Abrahamic covenant be given a greater weight than the Mosaic Covenant/the Law?

The__________ is given greater weight because it was based on faith and came before the Mosaic Law. Paul argues that the promise to Abraham is fulfilled in Christ, making it superior.

How does Paul use the metaphor, “chaperone/pedagogue/tutor”?

To describe the Law’s role: it was a temporary guide for God’s people until Christ arrived, after which believers are no longer under its supervision.

What is the result of “grace” having come?

The result of _____ is that believers are no longer slaves to the Law but are adopted as children of God, free to live by the Spirit.

How should people respond to their “freedom from the Law”?

People should respond by living in love and service to one another—not indulging the flesh, but walking by the Spirit.

What is “sanctification”?

__________ is the process of becoming holy through the Spirit. In Galatians, it’s tied to living out the fruit of the Spirit rather than fulfilling the desires of the flesh