AP Biology Chapter 3: Water and Life

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Cohesion

Phenomenon of a substance being held together by hydrogen bonds (similar molecules)

Adhesion

clinging of a substance to another (different molecules ex. water climbing up roots of plants)

Cohesion

Phenomenon of a substance being held together by hydrogen bonds (similar molecules)

Adhesion

clinging of a substance to another (different molecules ex. water climbing up roots of plants)

Surface Tension

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Kinetic Energy

the energy of motion

Thermal Energy

random movement of atoms or molecules

Heat

a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter

Temperature

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of the molecules

Calorie

amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree celsius

Kilocalorie

quantity of heat required to raise 1kg of water by 1 degree celsius

Specific heat

amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 celsius

Evaporative cooling

cooling of a liquid’s surface when a liquid evaporates

Heat of vaporization

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to gaseous stateSW

What temperature is water densest at?

4 degrees celsiuc

Solution

A liquid that is completely homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Solvent

dissolving agent of a solution

Solute

Substance dissolved in a solution

Hydrophilic

water loving

Hydrophobic

water fearing

Colloid

some hydrophilic substances do not actually dissolve, but remain suspended in the aqueous liquid

Acid

increased H+

Basic

decreased H+

Buffer

substance that minimizes large and sudden changed in pH

Acid Precipitation

Rain, snow, or fog more strongly acidic than 5.6

Ocean acidification

occurs when CO2 dissolves in seawater and reacts with water to form carbonic acid (lowers ocean pH)