Chapter 8 Biology test

eurkaryotes

plants,animals,fungus

prokaryotes

non living single-celled organisms without a nucleus

similarities in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Have both DNA and ribosomes, reproduce and carry out metabolic processes.

Nuclolsis

(found within the nucleus) put all the genes in one place to make ribosomes

Nucleous

genetic material in the cell is in little pores on the outside is how material moves in and out of the nucleus through the nuclear envelope.

Rough ER

a member (the factor in the cells) with ribosomes on top to make materials like membranes and proteins.

Golgi body

snakes up proteins (shipping out)

Smooth ER

Produces lipids (Cholesterol)

Mitochondria

Generating ATP(The source of energy and storage at a cellular level

vacuole

Where water is stored (animal cells don’t have one and immature plant cells don’t have on either)

Cystoplasm

The fluid and have salutes inside

Lystosomes

has digestive insides inside it and break down cells

Centriole

Sets up where parts of the cell are

Ribosomes

Cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm and in a cell; The site of protein synthesis

Protein synthesis

the biological process by which cells create proteins

endoplasmic reticulum

Internal membrane system found in Eurkaryotes cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Lysosomes

Cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell

cell wall

Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

lipid bilayer

flexible double layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings

Selectively permeable

decide if something can go into or exit the cell

micro filaments

threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin

microtubules

hollow structures made up of proteins known as tublin

homeostasis

relatively constant internal physical chemical conditions that organisms maintain

diffusions

process by which particles tend to move from area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

facilitated diffusion

process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels

osmosis

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

isotonic

when the concentration two solution is the same

hypertonic

when comparing two solutions, the solutions with the greater concentration of solutes

osmotic pressure

pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane

cell

basic unit of all forms of life

cell theory

fundamental concept of biology that slates that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced by old cells

cell membrane

breaks up the interior cell from the outside environment

tissue

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

organ

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

receptor

on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger such as a hormone