Network Administration - Modules 1, 8

Internet Information Services (IIS)

Microsoft's Web server program for managing Web servers.

Resilient File System (ReFS)

A file system that offers excellent fault tolerance and compatibility with virtualization and data redundancy in a RAID system.

multitasking

The ability to run two or more programs at the same time.

Server Core

A small footprint installation option that retains much of the core Windows Server operating system but removes most of the graphical frameworks and processes. (CLI but can be used physically)

zone

Each part of the hierarchical namespace used to identify computers on large IP networks such as the Internet.

reverse lookup

Resolving IP addresses to FQDNs.

hypervisor

Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer. Also called virtual machine manager (VMM).

Hypervisor Type 2

Runs operating systems on top of other ones. Less efficient. (VMWare, VirtualBox)

Hypervisor Type 1

Commonly known as a bare-metal, embedded, or native hypervisor. Works directly on the hardware of the host and can monitor operating systems that run above the hypervisor. (Hyper-V)

rackmount servers

A thin form factor used to house server hardware that is installed in a server rack.

nested virtualization

The ability to run a virtual machine on a virtual machine.

Active Directory

The Windows directory service that enables administrators to create and manage users and groups, set network-wide user and computer policies, manage security, and organize network resources.

workgroup

In Windows, a logical group of computers and users in which administration, resources, and security are distributed throughout the network, without centralized management or security.

domain

A logical grouping of computers that authenticate to a central database of users stored on special servers called domain controllers.

protected process

A process that is isolated from other processes on a system.

multithreading

Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.

Server Clustering

A technique that links multiple servers together to act as a single server.

Windows PowerShell

Command-line tool included with Windows. Offers a number of powerful scripting tools for automating changes both on local machines and over networks.

Automatic private IP Addressing (APIPA)

A networking feature in operating systems that enables DHCP clients to self-configure an IP address and subnet mask automatically when a DHCP server isn't available.

resource records

Data in a DNS database containing information about network resources, such as hostnames, other DNS servers, and services; each record is identified by a letter code.

secondary DNS servers

A DNS server that contains a read-only copy of a zone file that was obtained from a primary DNS server.

Primary Zone

A DNS zone containing a read/write master copy of all resource records for the zone; this zone is authoritative for the zone.

storage area network (SAN)

a dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

an alternative power supply device that protects against the loss of power and fluctuations in the power level by using battery power to enable the system to operate long enough to back up critical data and safely shut down

1U server

A rackmount server that has a standard height of 1.75 inches.

2U server

A server that is 3.5 inches thick.

Virtualization

running multiple systems simultaneously on one physical computer

domain controller

A server that acts as a central repository of all the user accounts and their associated passwords for the network

Azure Active Directory

A Microsoft cloud-based identity and access management service that helps employees of an organization sign in and access resources:

Advanced Threat Protection (ATP)

An optional component of Microsoft Defender that can be used to provide cloud-based inspection for malware and network traffic.

New Technology File System (NTFS)

The preferred file system, largely because it supports a much larger hard disk (up to 16 exabytes), long file names, and enhanced security.

Encrypting File System (EFS)

An encryption technology for individual files and folders that can be enabled by users.

data duplication

Allows duplicate files on a volume to be stored once on the physical storage device.

privileged mode

Windows kernel runs in this mode to protect it from problems created by a malfunctioning program or process.

Server Manager

A tool that allows you to manage and monitor the configuration of the local server it is running.

Windows Admin Center

A Web-based graphical management tool available for Windows Server.

Nano Server

A small footprint installation option that is ideal for use within cloud environments. (CLI and for VMs only)

Windows Server Essentials Edition (max users, domain use, Hyper-V)

Windows Server Edition - 25, only to enable migration, No

Windows Server Standard Edition (max users, domain use, Hyper-V)

Windows Server Edition - Limited by number of CALs, Yes, Yes (Up to 2)

Windows Server Datacenter Edition (max users, domain use, Hyper-V)

Windows Server Edition - Limited by number of CALs, Yes, Yes (Unlimited)

client access license (CAL)

A license required for each user connection in Windows Server.

Windows Storage Server

Turns a server into a central storage center for data in an organization and takes advantage of the storage utilities offered in Windows Server 2019. Cannot be purchased directly from Microsoft, but can be offered by OEMs on server-based products.

Generic Volume License Key (GVLK)

The product key used when installing software that is licensed in
bulk; it allows a single product key to be used for multiple installations.

Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

The complete domain name of an Internet computer, such as www.CIWcertified.com.

forward lookup

Resolving FQDNs to IP addresses.

primary DNS server

An authoritative DNS server type that contains a read-write copy of a zone file that stores resource records for the zone.

Active Directory-integrated primary DNS server

A primary DNS server that stores its zone file in the Active Directory database.

Resource Records

Holds information about a service, FQDN, IP address, or zone on an authoritative DNS server.

Host records (A and AAAA)

The most common resource record types configured on a DNS server, as they provide for forward lookups.

nslookup

A utility that is used to test and troubleshoot domain name servers.