Classifications of Living Organisms

Prokaryotes

No nucleus

ex: bacteria & archaea

Eukaryotic

has a nucleus

Animals

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Heterotrophic (Ingest food)

• lacks a cell wall

• bodies made up of cells organized into tissues

• Motility (some point of the life cycle it moves)

• specific development pattern and genes

Tissues

Collections of Cells that perform the same action

Carbohydrates

sugars

Monomer of a Carbohydrate

monosaccharide

ex: glucose: C6H12O6 (six sided ring, fuel for cellular respiration)

Disaccharide

two monosaccharide

uses dehydration synthesis (water out )

Polysaccharide

many monosaccharide

ex: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin (all use dehydration synthesis)

Starch

• energy storage in the form of bonds

• plants make starch

• we can break down starch / hydrolytic enzymes

ex: potatoes

Glycogen

• found in animals

• liver / muscle cells

• fungi also utilizes glycogen

Cellulose

• structural

• cell wall = protection

*different bonds use to form then in glycogen in starch we cannot break it down

Chitin

• structural

• ex: eskoskeleton

• cell walls of fungi are made of chitin

• protects cells

Oligosaccharide

a carbohydrate composed of relatively small number of monosaccharide 3-20

Proteins

tools of the cell

Monomer of protein

Amino Acid

Amino Acids

• 20 different natural amino acids

• central atom = carbon

• 20 different r groups

R groups

Make up the unique chemical properties

Charged R groups

dissolve in water

O-H, N-H, S-H

dissolves in water

Not charged

does not dissolve in water

non polar or no O-H, N-H, S-H

does not dissolve in water

Dipeptide

2 amino acids

Polypeptides

many amino acids

Protein Folding

Only way proteins can work are if they are folded