KINE300 - Chemistry of Life

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Element

Pure substance that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means

Compounds

Substance made of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Atom

Smallest quantity of an element that retains that element’s unique properties

Three subatomic particles

Proton, Neutron, Electron

Chemical Bonds

Electrical attraction holding atoms together primarily through electrons

Ionic Bonds

Attraction between ions with opposite charges

Ion

Electrically charged atom

Cation

Positively charged ion

Anion

Negatively charged ion

Covalent Bonds

Sharing of electrons between atoms

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak attraction between slightly positive hydrogen atom covalently bonded to another slightly negative atom

Metabolism

Sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism to maintain health and life

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motionP

otential Energy

Stored energy due to position

Chemical Energy

Stores potential energy, which can be released or utilized

Reactants

Substances that enter a chemical reaction

Products

Substances produced by the chemical reaction

Synthesis Reactions

A + B → AB

Decomposition Reactions

AB → A + B

Exchange Reactions

A + BC → AB + C

Chemical Reaction Rate

How quickly or slowly a chemical reaction occurs

Depends on temperature, particle concentration, pressure, and catalysts

Temperature’s affect on Reaction Rate

Higher temperature → faster reaction rate

Particle Concentration on Reaction Rate

Higher concentration → faster reaction rate

Pressure on Reaction Rate

Higher pressure → more collisions

Catalysts

Anything that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

Enzymes

Type of catalyst

Protein

Organic compound

Contains carbon and hydrogen

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins

Carbohydrates

Sugar

Carbohydrate Examples

Glucose / Fructose

Lipids

Fats

Lipid Examples

Phospholipids / Steroid hormones

Proteins

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds(type of covalent bond)

Amino Acids

20 amino acids used to make up the proteins in the human body, acts as building blocks of proteins

Essential Amino Acids

Can only be obtained by diet