Review of Cold War Concepts and Dictatorships in Europe

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Cold War and the rise of dictators in Europe.

What marked the end of World War I and initiated the struggles in Europe thereafter?

The Treaty of Versailles.

What year did the Great Depression begin due to the crash of the New York Stock Exchange?

1929.

What were some economic problems facing Europe after World War I?

Debt and high economic instability.

Who primarily owed the United States after World War I?

Great Britain, France, and Germany.

What extreme political ideologies rose in response to economic instability in Europe?

Communism and Fascism.

Who was the dictator of Italy known for establishing a fascist state?

Benito Mussolini.

What year did Mussolini come to power in Italy?

1922.

What did Mussolini's regime prioritize to stimulate the economy?

Military modernization and job creation.

What is the primary ideology associated with Mussolini?

Fascism.

Name the fascist dictator who rose to power in Germany.

Adolf Hitler.

What book did Hitler write while in prison that outlined his ideology?

Mein Kampf.

What was Hitler's main blame for Germany's problems post-World War I?

The Treaty of Versailles.

Which minority groups were primarily targeted by Hitler's ideology?

Jews, Communists, Slavs, and homosexuals.

What was the enabling act that allowed Hitler to rise to power?

It gave him dictatorial powers to overturn the Treaty of Versailles.

What significant action did Hitler take in 1936 that violated the Treaty of Versailles?

He rearmed Germany and remilitarized the Rhineland.

What territory did Hitler aim to annex from Czechoslovakia?

The Sudetenland.

What is the name of the conference where Britain and France appeased Hitler?

The Munich Conference.

What was the result of the Munich Agreement?

It allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland with the promise of no further territorial expansion.

What notable event did Japan undertake in the 1930s to expand its empire?

The invasion of Manchuria.

Who was the emperor of Japan during World War II?

Hirohito.

What was the political situation in Spain during the rise of fascism?

A civil war between Loyalists and fascist forces led by Francisco Franco.

Describe Stalin's method of governance in the Soviet Union.

Totalitarianism combined with communism, known as Stalinism.

What economic strategy did Stalin employ to industrialize the Soviet Union?

Five-Year Plans.

How did Stalin deal with dissenters in his regime?

They were sent to gulags or disappeared.

Which two countries were primarily responsible for enforcing the Treaty of Versailles?

Britain and France.

What was the League of Nations' response to Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

They did nothing significant.

What does the term 'fascism' refer to?

An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government.

What happened to Adolf Hitler after the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923?

He was imprisoned, during which he wrote Mein Kampf.

What was one of the key features of fascist regimes?

Militarism and the suppression of opposition.

In what year did Franco's fascist forces win the Spanish Civil War?

1939.

What did the League of Nations prioritize in the aftermath of World War I?

Preventing another world war.

What was the primary reason the League of Nations failed to stop aggression from dictators?

Lack of military power and political will.

What form of government was established in Germany under Hitler?

A totalitarian state, specifically a fascist dictatorship.

How did mass media play a role in the rise of dictators in Europe?

It was used to spread propaganda and manipulate public opinion.

What did Stalin's regime focus on regarding agriculture?

Collectivization of farms.

What was the infamous night of violence against Jews under Nazi Germany called?

Kristallnacht.

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Laws that stripped Jews of their citizenship rights in Germany.