Chapter 16 – Bedside Assessment Study Packet

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the Bedside Assessment Study Packet, Chapter 16, including signs, symptoms, and associated conditions.

Orthopnea

Most commonly associated with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).

Pink, frothy sputum

A hallmark sign of pulmonary edema.

Fetid, foul-smelling sputum

Commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Barrel chest

Most often associated with Emphysema and COPD.

Fine crackles at the bases

Most associated with Pneumonia, Pulmonary fibrosis, or CHF.

Unilateral wheezing

Commonly caused by foreign body obstruction.

Pleural friction rub

Typically associated with Pleurisy, pneumonia, TB, or cancer.

Pulsus paradoxus

Commonly seen in severe asthma, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax.

Clubbing of the fingers

Most associated with chronic hypoxemia from COPD, ILD, or congenital heart disease.

Kussmaul breathing

Most associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Pedal edema

Associated with Right-sided heart failure.

Subcutaneous emphysema

Associated with Pneumothorax.

Non-pleuritic chest pain radiating to the shoulder

Associated with Angina (coronary artery disease).

Sensation of drowning or suffocation

Associated with CHF.

Ascites

Associated with Liver failure.

Central cyanosis

Appears on the mouth/lips/torso, indicates hypoxemia.

Peripheral cyanosis

Appears on fingers/toes, indicates poor perfusion or low cardiac output.

Tracheal shift away from midline

Suggests conditions like pneumothorax or pleural effusion.

Tracheal shift toward the affected side

Suggests conditions like atelectasis, lung collapse, or pneumonia.

Hoover’s Sign

Inward movement of ribs during inspiration, most associated with COPD or diaphragm fatigue.

Chest tightness with dyspnea

Most likely linked to Asthma.

Common causes of chronic cough

Include postnasal drip, asthma, GERD, smoking, and ACE inhibitors.

Pleuritic chest pain

Sharp pain, worse with inspiration (e.g., pneumonia).

Non-pleuritic chest pain

Dull or pressure-like pain, potentially radiating (e.g., angina/CAD).

Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)

A sign of right heart failure, assessed at a 45° angle, >3–4 cm above the sternal angle.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Described as waxing and waning respirations with periods of apnea, caused by CHF, CNS injury, or sleep apnea.

Tactile fremitus

Chest vibrations felt on speaking.

Increased tactile fremitus

Indicates pneumonia or consolidation.

Decreased tactile fremitus

Indicates pleural effusion, pneumothorax, obesity, or COPD.

Orthopnea

Most commonly associated with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).

Pink, frothy sputum

A hallmark sign of pulmonary edema.

Fetid, foul-smelling sputum

Commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Barrel chest

Most often associated with Emphysema and COPD.

Fine crackles at the bases

Most associated with Pneumonia, Pulmonary fibrosis, or CHF.

Unilateral wheezing

Commonly caused by foreign body obstruction.

Pleural friction rub

Typically associated with Pleurisy, pneumonia, TB, or cancer.

Pulsus paradoxus

Commonly seen in severe asthma, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax.

Clubbing of the fingers

Most associated with chronic hypoxemia from COPD, ILD, or congenital heart disease.

Kussmaul breathing

Most associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Pedal edema

Associated with Right-sided heart failure.

Subcutaneous emphysema

Associated with Pneumothorax.

Non-pleuritic chest pain radiating to the shoulder

Associated with Angina (coronary artery disease).

Sensation of drowning or suffocation

Associated with CHF.

Ascites

Associated with Liver failure.

Central cyanosis

Appears on the mouth/lips/torso, indicates hypoxemia.

Peripheral cyanosis

Appears on fingers/toes, indicates poor perfusion or low cardiac output.

Tracheal shift away from midline

Suggests conditions like pneumothorax or pleural effusion.

Tracheal shift toward the affected side

Suggests conditions like atelectasis, lung collapse, or pneumonia.

Hoover’s Sign

Inward movement of ribs during inspiration, most associated with COPD or diaphragm fatigue.

Chest tightness with dyspnea

Most likely linked to Asthma.

Common causes of chronic cough

Include postnasal drip, asthma, GERD, smoking, and ACE inhibitors.

Pleuritic chest pain

Sharp pain, worse with inspiration (e.g., pneumonia).

Non-pleuritic chest pain

Dull or pressure-like pain, potentially radiating (e.g., angina/CAD).

Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)

A sign of right heart failure, assessed at a 45° angle, >3–4 cm above the sternal angle.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Described as waxing and waning respirations with periods of apnea, caused by CHF, CNS injury, or sleep apnea.

Tactile fremitus

Chest vibrations felt on speaking.

Increased tactile fremitus

Indicates pneumonia or consolidation.

Decreased tactile fremitus

Indicates pleural effusion, pneumothorax, obesity, or COPD.

Tachypnea

Rapid, shallow breathing, often a sign of respiratory distress or metabolic acidosis.

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow breathing rate, potentially indicating central nervous system depression or metabolic alkalosis.

Stridor

A high-pitched, harsh inspiratory sound caused by upper airway obstruction (e.g., croup, epiglottitis, foreign body).

Rhonchi

Low-pitched, continuous, rattling sounds, often described as snoring-like, caused by secretions in large airways, usually clearable with a cough.

Crackles (Rales)

Discontinuous, non-musical sounds, often described as popping or crackling, heard primarily during inspiration, indicating fluid in small airways or alveoli (e.g., pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary fibrosis).

Egophony

An auscultatory finding where the spoken "E" sound is heard as "A" through the stethoscope, indicating lung consolidation (e.g., pneumonia).

Dullness on percussion

A thud-like sound on chest percussion, suggesting increased density like fluid (e.g., pleural effusion) or consolidation (e.g., pneumonia).

Hyperresonance on percussion

A booming sound on chest percussion, indicating too much air in the chest cavity (e.g., pneumothorax, emphysema).

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

Sudden onset of shortness of breath that awakens a person from sleep, often relieved by sitting upright, highly suggestive of left-sided heart failure.

Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE)

Shortness of breath that occurs during physical activity, a common symptom of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease.

Orthopnea

Most commonly associated with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).

Pink, frothy sputum

A hallmark sign of pulmonary edema.

Fetid, foul-smelling sputum

Commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Barrel chest

Most often associated with Emphysema and COPD.

Fine crackles at the bases

Most associated with Pneumonia, Pulmonary fibrosis, or CHF.

Unilateral wheezing

Commonly caused by foreign body obstruction.

Pleural friction rub

Typically associated with Pleurisy, pneumonia, TB, or cancer.

Pulsus paradoxus

Commonly seen in severe asthma, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax.

Clubbing of the fingers

Most associated with chronic hypoxemia from COPD, ILD, or congenital heart disease.

Kussmaul breathing

Most associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Pedal edema

Associated with Right-sided heart failure.

Subcutaneous emphysema

Associated with Pneumothorax.

Non-pleuritic chest pain radiating to the shoulder

Associated with Angina (coronary artery disease).

Sensation of drowning or suffocation

Associated with CHF.

Ascites

Associated with Liver failure.

Central cyanosis

Appears on the mouth/lips/torso, indicates hypoxemia.

Peripheral cyanosis

Appears on fingers/toes, indicates poor perfusion or low cardiac output.

Tracheal shift away from midline

Suggests conditions like pneumothorax or pleural effusion.

Tracheal shift toward the affected side

Suggests conditions like atelectasis, lung collapse, or pneumonia.

Hoover’s Sign

Inward movement of ribs during inspiration, most associated with COPD or diaphragm fatigue.

Chest tightness with dyspnea

Most likely linked to Asthma.

Common causes of chronic cough

Include postnasal drip, asthma, GERD, smoking, and ACE inhibitors.

Pleuritic chest pain

Sharp pain, worse with inspiration (e.g., pneumonia).

Non-pleuritic chest pain

Dull or pressure-like pain, potentially radiating (e.g., angina/CAD).

Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)

A sign of right heart failure, assessed at a 45° angle, >3–4 cm above the sternal angle.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Described as waxing and waning respirations with periods of apnea, caused by CHF, CNS injury, or sleep apnea.

Tactile fremitus

Chest vibrations felt on speaking.

Increased tactile fremitus

Indicates pneumonia or consolidation.

Decreased tactile fremitus

Indicates pleural effusion, pneumothorax, obesity, or COPD.

Tachypnea

Rapid, shallow breathing, often a sign of respiratory distress or metabolic acidosis.

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow breathing rate, potentially indicating central nervous system depression or metabolic alkalosis.