personality theories

what is personality

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

psychoanalytic (psychoanalysis)

created by Freud/ Id-ego-superego/ pleasure/reality principle

what is the id

unconscious mind/ immediate pleasures/ pleasure principle- strives to get basic needs/ pleasures

what is the ego

mostly unconscious/ makes peace between the id and superego/ what you actually do/ reality principle- tried to gratify ids impulse for pleasure but counters with thought and feelings from superego

what is the superego

the social norms/ internal ideals/ not complete conscious but outside awareness. focuses on ideal behavior

psychosexual stages

created by freud (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)

oral stage

to 18 months old- pleasure centered around mouth

anal stage

18-36 months- pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination/ control.

phallic stage

3-6 years- pleasure in genitals/ coping with incestuous sexual feelings

latency stage

6 years to puberty- dormant sexual feelings

genital stage

puberty up- maturation of sexual interests

defense mechanisms

the ego protecting itself by reducing and redirecting anxiety by reality distortion.

regression

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage

reaction formation

switching reactions to their opposites, love to anger

projection

projection ones thought/feelings onto others

rationalization

self-justifying explanations for actions instead of the real reasons.

displacement

shifting sexual/anger impulses to a more acceptable object/person

denial

refusing to believe painful realities

Alfred Adler

looked over Freuds work, created the inferiority/ superiority complex (under psychodynamic)

Karen Horney

rejected penis envy women just wanted equal rights. (under psychodynamic)

carl jung

protégé of Freud, believed in the collective unconscious that was passed down by generations/ created the archetypes of personality. (under psychodynamic)

Albert Bandura

social learning theory/ was an observationalist/ bobo doll experiment

ink blot test/ thematic apperception test

pulled out the unconscious mind/ trigger projection of inner dynamics and unconscious motives.

Abraham Maslow

(humanistic theory)- potential for personal growth/ motivated by hierarchy of needs.

Carl Rogers

(humanistic theory)- growth-promoting environment include genuineness, acceptance, and empathy/ Unconditional positive regard and self-concept are key components of Rogers’s theory

hierarchy of needs

a pyramid where each step is needed to build the next

need 1

physiological- food, water, shelter

need 2

safety- security of body, job, resources

need 3

love- partners, friends, family

need 4

self-esteem- confidence, respect

need 5

self-actualization- morality, creativity, problem solving (the only need that is not constantly had and fluctuates)

trait theory

personality traits are stable/ describes differences not explains them/ factor analysis to identify clusters of behavior tendencies that occur together
Suggest that genetic predispositions influence many traits

Big 5 personality O in ocean

openess- practical- imaginative

c in ocean

consientiousness- disorganized- organized

e in ocean

extraversion- researved- sociable

a in ocean

agreeableness- uncooperative- trusting

n in ocean

neuroticism- calm- anxious