VTNE Drugs PDF

What are the antibiotics commonly used?

Gentamicin, Clindamycin, Amoxicillin, Enrofloxacin, Cefpodoxime, Cefazolin, Cefovecin/Convenia, Trimethoprim-Sulfa (TMS), Doxycycline, and Metronidazole.

Which antibiotics is an aminoglycoside and can be renal-toxic?

Gentamicin

Which antibiotic is an lincosamide?

Clindamycin

Which antibiotic is an aminopenicillin?

Amoxicillin

Which antibiotic is an fluoroquinolone which may cause cartilage defects in young dogs, or blindness in cats?

Enrofloxacin

Which antibiotic is the 1st generation cephalosporin (oral)?

Cefpodoxime

Which antibiotic is the 3rd generation cephalosporin (oral)?

Cefazolin

Which antibiotic is the 3rd generation cephalosporin (injectable)?

Cefovecin/Convenia

Which antibiotic is an sulfonamide and may cause dry-eye

Trimethoprim-Sulfa (TMS)

Which antibiotic is a tetracycline antibiotic which typically doesn't cause bone and teeth abnormalities or discoloration in young animals as a side effect and should not be given as a dry pill to cats, as esophageal strictures may occur.

Doxycycline

Which antibiotic is used commonly to treat diarrhea or colitis and may be used to treat Giardia.

Metronidazole

What is the drug to treat neurotoxicity which can be caused by Metronidazole

Diazepam

What are the Corticosteroids used?

Prednisone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, and Methylprednisolone

Which Corticosteroids is 4-10X more potent than hydrocortisone

Triamcinolone aka Vetalog/Kenalog

This drug category are mu agonists or partial mu agonists, reversed with naloxone

Opioids

This drug category may cause increased risk of GI ulceration and may have effects on the liver and kidneys, labwork should be monitored

NSAIDS

What are the common opioids used for analgesia?

Fentanyl, Morphine, Hydromorphone, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, and Tramadol

Which opioid is a CII, should be used as a CRI, and comes as an injection or dermal patch

Fentanyl

Which opioid is a CII, is an emetic, and can be reversed by naloxone and butorphanol?

Morphine

Which opioid is similar to another but is not an emetic?

Hydromorphone

Which opioid is a CIII, can be administered via an injectable, orally, or oral mucosa,?

Buprenorphine

Which opioid is CIV, has tablets used as an antitussive or an injectable, is only partially reversed by naloxone, and does not provide adequate surgical pain management?

Butorphanol

Which opioid comes in only tablets and is a synthetic mu-receptor opiate agonist

Tramadol/Ultram

What are the common NSAIDS used for analgesia?

Carprofen, Meloxicam, Ketoprofen, Firocoxib, Deracoxib, Flunixin Meglumine, and Phenylbutazone.

What are COX-1 inhibitors?

block inflammation but also block helpful effects such as GI lining protection and blood clotting control

What are COX-2 inhibitors?

inhibits inflammation and pain receptors from activating

Which NSAID is a COX-2 inhibitor, is most commonly used post-operatively for analgesia and for arthritis management or acute orthopedic injury, and rarely but may cause liver failure?

Carprofen aka Rimadyl

Which NSAID is mostly COX-2 inhibitor but may enhance risk of nephrotoxicity?

Meloxicam aka Metacam

Which NSAID is used most frequently as a fever reducer?

Ketoprofen aka Ketofen

Which NSAID is soley used as a COX-2 inhibitor?

Firocoxib aka Previcox

Which NSAID is primarily used as a COX-2 inhibitor but may have some COX-1 effects at higher doses?

Deracoxib aka Deramaxx

Which NSAIDs is used mostly in horses?

Flunixin Meglumine aka Banamine and Phenylbutazone aka Bute

What are the injectable Anesthetics/Tranquilizers?

Ketamine, Tiletamine, Valium, Propofol, Lidocane/Bupivicaine, Dexmedetomidine, Xylazine, Acepromazine, Apomorphine, and Thiopental.

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is labeled as a CYCLOHEXAMINES / DISSOCIATIVES, is CIII, is paired with Diazepam due to causing muscle rigidity, and should be used with caution with certain cardiac conditions?

Ketamine

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is labeled as a CYCLOHEXAMINES / DISSOCIATIVES, is CIII, and part of Telazol along with zolazepam?

Tiletamine

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is labeled as a benzodiazepine, is CIV, can only be given IV, is an appetite stimulant in cats, and causes skeletal muscle relaxation and sedation by enhancing GABA?

Valium

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is white opaque in color, short acting hypnotic agent, given slowly, and may cause apnea and hypotension?

Propofol

Which injectable Anesthetics/Tranquilizers are local anesthetics?

Lidocaine/Bupivacaine

Other than local anesthesia, what can Lidocaine be given as an….

anti-arrhythmic to reduce ventricular tachycardia and VPC's

Which local anesthetic lasts longer but has a slower acting time?

Bupivacaine

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is a alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, reversed with atipamezole/antisedan, and should not be used in pets with cardiac disease or that are debilitated

Dexmedetomidine aka Dexdomitor

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is a alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, reversed with yohimbine, and is the emetic of choice in cats

Xylazine

What do alpha-2 adrenergic agonists do the patients?

Vasoconstriction causing pale mucous membranes & increased blood pressure which decreases heart rate

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is a phenothiazine tranquilizer, and may lower seizure threshold?

Acepromazine

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is an opioid, and comes injectable or in a tablet which can be placed in the conjunctival sac in the eye to induce vomiting/emesis?

Apomorphine

Which injectable Anesthetic/Tranquilizer is a short acting Barbiturate/thiobarbiturate, CIII, and not recommended for greyhounds or other sighthounds due to slow metabolism of this drug?

Thiopental

What are the inhalant Anesthetics/Tranquilizers?

Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and Halothane

What is the most common side effect of inhalant Anesthetics/Tranquilizers?

Hypotensions

Why is Halothane not commonly used?

Due to side effects, especially cardiac

What are the Cardiac/Blood Pressure drugs commonly used?

Furosemide, Enalapril/Benazapril, Pimobendan, Spironolactone, Amlodipine, and Atropine

Which Cardiac/Blood Pressure drug is a loop diuretic most often used in congestive heart failure?

Furosemide aka Lasix

Which Cardiac/Blood Pressure drug is a ace-inhibitor, used in treating heart failure and hypertension, sometimes used in chronic renal failure, and causes vasodilation?

Enalapril/Benazapril

Which Cardiac/Blood Pressure drug is a inodilator and used in treating congestive heart failure?

Pimobendan aka Vetmedin

Which Cardiac/Blood Pressure drug is a potassium sparing diuretic?

Spironolactone

Which Cardiac/Blood Pressure drug decreases blood pressure and is the choice anti-hypertensive for cats

Amlodipine

Which Cardiac/Blood Pressure drug is a anticholinergic, used to increase heart rate; used in CPCR and also during anesthesia to treat bradycardia, and treats organophosphate toxicity?

Atropine

What are the commonly used anti-parasitic drugs?

Fenbendazole, Sulfadimethoxine, Pyrantel, Emodepside and Praziquantel, Praziquantel, Pyrantel, and Febantel, Selamectin, Ivermectin, and Milbemycin

Which anti-parasitic drug is a general anthelmentic and also commonly used to treat Giardia?

Fenbendazole aka Panacur

Which anti-parasitic drug is primarily only used to treat coccidia?

Sulfadimethoxine aka Albon

Which anti-parasitic drug is used primarily for ascarids

Pyrantel

Which anti-parasitic drug is a topical dewormer for felines and contains the drug which is used for treating tapeworms?

Emodepside and Praziquantel aka Profender

Which anti-parasitic drug is a dewormer for canine or feline and contains the drug which is used for treating tapeworms?

Praziquantel, Pyrantel, and Febantel aka Drontal plus

Which anti-parasitic drug is topical parasite prevention (ear mite, flea control, hooks, rounds, heartworm prevention), and treatment for Sarcoptes?

Selamectin aka Revolution

Which anti-parasitic drug is used to prevent heartworm, hookworms, roundworm, treats demodex if injected, and is contraindicated in Collie type breeds?

Ivermectin aka Heartgard

Which anti-parasitic drug is used as prevention for heartworms, hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms for cats and dogs?

Milbemycin aka Interceptor

What are the commonly used GI drugs?

Famotidine, Carafate, Metoclopramide, Maropitant, Cisapride, Omeperazole, and Misoprostol

Which GI drugs is a H2 receptor blocker

Famotidine aka Pepcid AC)

What is a H2 receptor blocker?

reduce stomach acid production by blocking the H2 receptors on parietal cells in the stomach lining

Which GI drugs is a gastroprotectant, also known as a "band-aid" for the GI tract, and may impair absorption of some oral medications?

Carafate aka Sucralfate

Which GI drugs is a upper GI pro-kinetic agent, may cause excitement or hyperactivity in cats, antiemetic- prevents nausea by blocking dopamine in the chemo-receptor trigger zone (CRTZ)?

Metoclopramide aka Reglan

Which GI drugs is an anti-nausea/anti-vomiting agent used for patients who have car sickness or have nonstop vomiting?

Maropitant aka Cerenia

Which GI drugs is a pro-motility agent for upper and lower GI, used in cats with megacolon which is not commercially available and must get compounded?

Cisapride

Which GI drugs is a proton pump inhibitor, used for treating and preventing GI ulcers?

Omeperazole aka Prilosec

Which GI drugs is a prostaglandin E1 analog, used to prevent gastric ulceration?

Misoprostol

Which drug is used as a muscle relaxant?

Methocarbamol aka Robaxin

Which drugs are anti-fungals and potentially hepatotoxic?

Fluconazole/ketoconazole/itraconazole

Which drugs is an adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor and used in treating hyperadrenocorticism aka Cushings Disease?

Trilostane aka Vetoryl

Which drugs is a thyroid hormone and treats hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine

Which drug inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone and is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Methimazole aka Tapazole

Which drugs is used as an anti-histamine, used for allergies and allergic reactions?

Diphenhydramine aka Benadryl

Which drug is an alpha and beta- adrenergic agonist, used mostly in anaphylaxis and cardiac resuscitation?

Epinephrine

Which drug is a muscle relaxant/oral expectorant used primarily in large animal anesthesia for the muscle relaxation

Guafenisen

Which drug is a barbiturate that is mostly used for euthanasia in vet med and is CII?

Pentobarbital

Which drug is barbiturate primarily used as an anti-seizure medication and is CIV?

Phenobarbital

Which drug is a tetracyclic antidepressant/ 5-HT3 antagonist, and is used as appetite stimulant in dogs and cats?

Mirtazapine