IN PROGRESS Week 2: Baby Lab

pulled from assigned readings, lectures, and lab

The result of this reflex is a sudden adduction and abduction of the UE; also called the “startle” reflex”/

a. moro reflex

b. palmar grasp

c. galant reflex

d. babinski reflex

a. moro reflex

The ATNR reflex supports which early developmental skill?

a. eye-hand coordination

b. pincer grasp

c. rolling prone to supine

d. crawling

a. eye-hand coordination

A child is born on 03/15/2016 and is evaluated on 05/10/2019. How old was the child on the evaluation date?

a. 36 months (3 yr, 0 mo)

b. 37 months (3 yr, 1 mo)

c. 38 months (3 yr, 2 mo)

d. 35 months (2 yr, 11 mo)

c. 38 months (3 yr, 2 mo)

While evaluating a 5 month old infant, an OT finds the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex to be present. Is this typical or atypical?

atypical

Primitive reflexes should be _____ in the first month of life?

present

In a typically developing 6 month old in the horizontal suspension position, you would expect to see the UE in a ____ position.

flexed

At what age does the plantar grasp disappear (integrate)?

a. 6 mo

b. 12 mo

c. 15 mo

d. 3 mo

c. 15 mo

When evaluating a 5 month old infant, an OT finds the moro reflex to be present. Is this typical or atypical?

typical

A child born on 09/29/2012 is evaluated on 05/30/2013. How old was the child on the evaluation date?

a. 9 mo

b. 8 mo

c. 6 mo

d. 7 mo

b. 8 mo

What are the 3 righting reactions that are tested in the prone position?

a. ATNR, STNR, moro

b. STNR, Tonic Labyrinthine, Landau

c. galant, palmar, ATNR

d. ATNR, STNR, tonic labyrinthine

b. STNR, Tonic Labyrinthine, Landau

Flexion of the fingers making a fist when the index finger is placed in the palm of the infant is what reflex?

palmar reflex

During testing of the ATNR, how is the head moved?

lateral flexion

by what age are MOST primitive reflexes integrated?

a. 2 mo

b. 6 mo

c. 3 mo

d. 12 mo

b. 6 mo

Motor control is most often mastered in the first _____ years of life.

3

True or false

Everyone is born with motor control.

false

motor control is gained through integration of the brain stem level reflexes and the development of higher-level righting and equilibrium reactions.

A reflex is a very rapid, somewhat stereotypical and _______ response to a specific sensory stimulus.

involuntary

A primitive reflex is one that appears during gestation or shortly after and becomes integrated in most by the age of ___ months but up to _____ months in some.

6 ; 12

What is a developmental reaction?

a reflex that appears in infancy or childhood and remains throughout life (ex: patellar reflex)

What is pathological reflex?

persistence of a reflex beyond the time when it should have become integrated; obligatory response that tends to interfere with development of typical motor/movement patterns

True or false

Reflexes don’t disappear and can reappear or be reactivated during stress or during activities that require great effort or with trauma to the CNS.

true

What are the 3 functions of reflexes and reactions?

1. survival - flexor withdrawal, rooting (eating), protective reactions

2. enhancement/maintenance of postural tone - primarily standing/walking, positive support, equilibrium, precursors to more complex patterns

3. reinforcement of basic movement patterns - righting (head control), stepping (walking), positive reactions (transitions between positions)

What is a phasic reflex?

the coordination of movements in patterns of total flexion or total extension

What are the functions of a phasic reflex?

1. survival/protection

2. development of body perception

3. sensory motor movement pattern development

What are some examples of a phasic reflex?

• rooting

• sucking

• Moro reflex

• Galant reflex

• spontaneous stepping

• Crossed extension

• Flexor withdrawal

• proprioceptive placing

What is the function and integration of the sucking reflex?

function - survival

integration - 2-5 months

What is the function and integration of the rooting reflex?

function - survival

integration - 3 months

What is the function and integration of the Moro “startle” reflex?

function - survival

integration- 4-6 months

How do you test the Moro reflex?

• hold baby’s head and shoulders off the mat with arms held in flexion (in supine)

• suddenly let the head and shoulders drop back a few inches

(arms should fully abduct and extend, then return towards midline)

What is the function and integration of the Galant reflex?

function - development of body perception (movement away from stimulus)

integration - 2 months

How do you test the Galant reflex?

• place baby in ventral suspension or prone

• stroke one side of baby’s back

(baby’s trunk and hips should swing towards the side of the stimulus)

What is the function and integration of the stepping reflex?

function - body awareness

integration - 2 months

How do you test the stepping reflex?

• hold baby upright over the mat

• have the sole of the foot touching the mat

(this initiates a reciprocal flexion and extension of the legs, and it looks like the baby is walking)

What is the function and integration of the crossed extension reflex?

function - body awareness

integration - 1-2 months

How do you test the crossed extension reflex?

• flex and extend one leg while the child is in supine

(the opposite leg will extend)

What is the function and integration of the flexor withdrawal?

function - survival/protection (and some body awareness)

integration - 1-2 months

How do you test the flexor withdrawal?

• poke/prick/tickle the bottom of baby’s foot

(baby should pull their foot away from the noxious stimulus)

Where are phasic reflexes located?

at the spinal level

What is a tonic reflex?

a reflex characterized by changes in normal muscle tone

Where are tonic reflexes located?

at the brainstem level

What are examples of a tonic reflex?

• plantar grasp

• palmar grasp

• ATNR

• STNR

• TLR

• Landau

• Associated reactions

• Neonatal positive support

• positive support

What are the functions of tonic reflexes?

• development of symmetry/midline

• distribution of tone

• acquisition of motor milestones